ArticleNutrients2021
Diet Beverage Intake during Lactation and Associations with Infant Outcomes in the Infant Feeding Practices Study II.
Article in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between low-calorie sweetener consumption during pregnancy and child health: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Intergenerational transmission of sucralose and acesulfame-potassium from mothers to their infants via human milk: a pharmacokinetic study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- The MILK study: Investigating intergenerational transmission of low-calorie sweeteners in breast milk.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2023Article
- Non-sugar sweeteners: helpful or harmful? The challenge of developing intake recommendations with the available research.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Consumption of diet beverages (DB) containing low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) is widespread in the United States. LCS are ingested by nursing infants upon maternal DB consumption, which may impact infants' weight and health. This study aims to examine cross-sectional associations between infants' LCS exposure via maternal DB intake during lactation and infants' health outcomes. Six hundred and eighty-two mother-infant dyads at three months postpartum, from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II, 2005-2007, were included in the analysis. Maternal DB consumption during lactation was estimated using the serving size and frequency of DB consumption reported on the diet history questionnaire. Infants' LCS exposure was estimated by multiplying maternal DB consumption and breastfeeding intensity. Infant outcomes included weight, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age z-scores, overweight, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including diarrhea, reflux, and vomiting. Associations between infants' LCS exposure and continuous and categorical outcomes were examined using linear and logistic regressions adjusting for confounders, respectively. Forty-three percent of lactating women reported DB consumption. While no significant associations were observed between infants' LCS exposure and BMI-for-age or risk of overweight, infants' LCS exposure was associated with a 2.78-fold increased risk of vomiting (95% confidence interval 1.05-7.34). Potential adverse effects of LCS exposure on GI symptoms require further study, and null findings on infant weight should be interpreted with caution, given the small sample size. Additional research is needed to inform recommendations for or against DB consumption during lactation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.