ReviewNutrients2021
Human Breast Milk Composition and Function in Human Health: From Nutritional Components to Microbiome and MicroRNAs.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05292924 (Immediate vs Early Skin-to-skin Contact in Cesarean Births and Its Effect on Breastfeeding), which is not on this map. Cited by 110 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Immediate vs Early Skin-to-skin Contact in Cesarean Births and Its Effect on Breastfeeding
Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 200 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nutritional management of neonates who undergo major surgery for gastrointestinal disorders: a joint position paper of the Italian Society of Neonatology (SIN), the Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery (SICP), and the Italian Society of Pediatric Nutrition (SINUPE).Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Guideline
- From Mind to Milk: The Influence of Psychological Factors on the Composition of Human Breast Milk.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal Lifestyle Factors Affecting Breast Milk Composition and Infant Health: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Analysis of zinc and copper levels in very low birth weight infants using human milk additives: phase 1 trial findings.Jornal de pediatriaTrial
- Maternal psychological distress, breast milk extracellular vesicles, and infant immunity: A translational study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel Encapsulating CiMECs-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Ameliorates Lactation Function via Alleviating Mammary Oxidative Stress.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Nutrient Composition of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk and Short-Term Growth Outcomes in Infants.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Human milk microbiome as a modulator of the early-life gut-brain axis: mechanisms and translational opportunities for neurodevelopment.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Maternal Obesity and MicroRNAs in Breast Milk: Implications for Infant Developmental Programming.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- The impact of breast milk relaxin 2, oxytocin, and insulin-like peptide 3 on neonatal growth parameters in early life.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2026Article
- Neutrophils blend innate and adaptive immunity in early breast milk.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- Human milk and infant formula influence lactobacilli metabolism in a species-specific manner.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- Seeding the Future: How Feeding Mode Shapes the Infant Gut Microbiota.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- The Circadian Composition of Breast Milk: A Natural Starting Point for Chrononutrition.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Microbiome, Epigenetics, and Nutritional Factors in Shaping Perinatal Pregnancy Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Human Breast Milk-Derived Exosomal FP671120.4 Inhibits Macrophage M1 Polarization via Modulating the ELAVL1/Nrf2 Axis in Sepsis-Associated Liver Injury.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLa80 for preventing allergic, respiratory, and gastrointestinal diseases in young children in China: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2026Article
- Microbiota composition of human milk based on storage and processing methods in Korea.Nutrition research and practice · 2026Article
- Family integrated care to improve evidence-based practices for preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: a meta-analysis and systematic review.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Best Practices for the Nutritional Management of Infantile-Onset Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency: A Case-Based Discussion.Nutrients · 2026Review
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human breast milk (HBM) is not only an indispensable source of nutrients for early human growth and development, supplying components that support infant growth and development, but also contains various essential immunologic components with anti-infectious activities and critical roles in the formation of immunity. It is also known that HBM contains its own unique microbiome, including beneficial, commensal, and potentially probiotic bacteria, that can contribute to infant gut colonization. In addition, HBM-derived extracellular vesicles, exosomes, and microRNA are attracting increasing interest for their potential to transfer to the infant and their role in infant development. In this article, we examine some of the various constituents in HBM and review the evidence supporting their associated health effects and their potential applications in human health.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.