ReviewNutrients2021
25 Years of Research in Human Lactation: From Discovery to Translation.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Phage diversity in human breast milk: a systematic review.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Human Milk Feeding in Inherited Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review of Growth, Metabolic Control, and Neurodevelopment Outcomes.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2025Pooled it
- Relationships between the Intakes of Human Milk Components and Body Composition of Breastfed Infants: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Exclusively Pumping Women's Milk Production and Pumping and Feeding Dynamics-An Online Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Distinct associations among human milk microbiota and minerals in relation to early infant growth: a longitudinal study.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- A ducted, biomimetic nipple replicates breastfeeding mechanics through ontogeny in an infant animal model.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Human Milk Sampling Protocols: Is the Mean Macronutrient Composition of Pre- and Post-Feed Samples the Average of One Entire Feed?Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2026Observational
- Refractive index of milk fat globules and extracellular vesicles in human milk.Biophotonics discovery · 2026Article
- The effect of breast massage combined with co-parenting interventions on breastfeeding in mother-infant separated mothers: a quasi-experimental study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis in a postpartum woman with twin pregnancy: a 5-year follow-up case report.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward delayed onset of lactogenesis among postpartum women experiencing mother-infant separation: a multi-center cross-sectional study.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Maternal Adiposity, Milk Production and Removal, and Infant Milk Intake During Established Lactation.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Differences in infant feeding methods at one month postpartum among women with psychiatric disorders and factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2025Article
- Relationships of breast milk intake during one breastfeeding session with sucking time and other determinants: a cross-sectional study.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Maternal Factors, Breast Anatomy, and Milk Production During Established Lactation-An Ultrasound Investigation.Journal of imaging · 2025Article
- Once- Versus Twice-Daily Measures of Mothers' Own Milk Biomarkers: Does It Make a Difference in Research and Practice?Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2025Article
- Lactoferrin and SIgA Concentrations in Human Milk of SARS-CoV-Infected Mothers-Polish Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- Breast milk NaScientific reports · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding Counseling Practices Among Plastic Surgeons: Results From a National Survey.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Researchers have recently called for human lactation research to be conceptualized as a biological framework where maternal and infant factors impacting human milk, in terms of composition, volume and energy content are studied along with relationships to infant growth, development and health. This approach allows for the development of evidence-based interventions that are more likely to support breastfeeding and lactation in pursuit of global breastfeeding goals. Here we summarize the seminal findings of our research programme using a biological systems approach traversing breast anatomy, milk secretion, physiology of milk removal with respect to breastfeeding and expression, milk composition and infant intake, and infant gastric emptying, culminating in the exploration of relationships with infant growth, development of body composition, and health. This approach has allowed the translation of the findings with respect to education, and clinical practice. It also sets a foundation for improved study design for future investigations in human lactation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.