ReviewViruses2021
COVID-19: Mechanistic Model of the African Paradox Supports the Central Role of the NF-κB Pathway.
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Deconstructing the RAGE signaling maze: the molecular key to opening a new dimension of ovarian anti-aging.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- COVID-19 inflammatory signature in a Mozambican cohort: unchanged red blood series and reduced levels of IL-6 and other proinflammatory cytokines.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Using mortuary and burial data to place COVID-19 in Lusaka, Zambia within a global context.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Genetic Variants within SARS-CoV-2 Human Receptor Genes May Contribute to Variable Disease Outcomes in Different Ethnicities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- COVID-19 morbidity in lower versus higher income populations underscores the need to restore lost biodiversity of eukaryotic symbionts.iScience · 2023Review
- Article
- The therapeutic effect and mechanism of parthenolide in skeletal disease, cancers, and cytokine storm.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- High seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the capital of Chad.Journal of public health in Africa · 2022Article
- Indigenous Nigeria medicinal herbal remedies: A potential source for therapeutic against rheumatoid arthritis.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2022Review
- Frequency distribution of cytokine and associated transcription factor single nucleotide polymorphisms in Zimbabweans: Impact on schistosome infection and cytokine levels.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Could a Lower Toll-like Receptor (TLR) and NF-κB Activation Due to a Changed Charge Distribution in the Spike Protein Be the Reason for the Lower Pathogenicity of Omicron?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Long COVID: A proposed hypothesis-driven model of viral persistence for the pathophysiology of the syndrome.Allergy and asthma proceedings · 2022Review
- p53/NF-kB Balance in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: From OMICs, Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Insights to Tailored Therapeutic Perspectives (COVIDomics).Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has expanded into a global pandemic, with more than 220 million affected persons and almost 4.6 million deaths by 8 September 2021. In particular, Europe and the Americas have been heavily affected by high infection and death rates. In contrast, much lower infection rates and mortality have been reported generally in Africa, particularly in the sub-Saharan region (with the exception of the Southern Africa region). There are different hypotheses for this African paradox, including less testing, the young age of the population, genetic disposition, and behavioral and epidemiological factors. In the present review, we address different immunological factors and their correlation with genetic factors, pre-existing immune status, and differences in cytokine induction patterns. We also focus on epidemiological factors, such as specific medication coverage, helminth distribution, and malaria endemics in the sub-Saharan region. An analysis combining different factors is presented that highlights the central role of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the African paradox. Importantly, insights into the interplay of different factors with the underlying immune pathological mechanisms for COVID-19 can provide a better understanding of the disease and the development of new targets for more efficient treatment strategies.
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