ArticleViruses2021
West Nile Virus and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Are Endemic in Equids in Eastern Austria.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- West Nile Virus in Horses as a Sentinel Host in One Health Surveillance: Epidemiological Insights and Future Perspectives.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- West Nile Virus in Europe: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Environmental Drivers, and the Role of Equine Sentinel Surveillance in a One Health Framework.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Gaps Between Awareness and Prevention of West Nile Virus Among Horse Owners in an Endemic Country: A Cross-Sectional Study from Romania.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Mosquito Exposure Risks in Equine Facilities: An Environmental-Managerial Assessment in Western Romania.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Neurotropic Tick-Borne Flavivirus in Alpine Chamois (Viruses · 2025Article
- Immune Response after Vaccination against Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV) in Horses.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus among Equids in Bulgaria in 2022 and Assessment of Some Risk Factors.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Recombinant TBEV Protein E of the Siberian Subtype Is a Candidate Antigen in the ELISA Test System for Differential Diagnosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Severe Neurologic Disease in a Horse Caused by Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus, Austria, 2021.Viruses · 2023Article
- Article
- Neurological disease suspected to be caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus infection in 6 horses in Switzerland.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2022Article
- European College of Equine Internal Medicine consensus statement on equine flaviviridae infections in Europe.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2022Article
- Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Equine West Nile Virus Infections in Eastern Germany, 2020.Viruses · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) in addition to the autochthonous tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in Europe causes rising concern for public and animal health. The first equine case of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in Austria was diagnosed in 2016. As a consequence, a cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted in 2017, including 348 equids from eastern Austria. Serum samples reactive by ELISA for either flavivirus immunoglobulin G or M were further analyzed with the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT-80) to identify the specific etiologic agent. Neutralizing antibody prevalences excluding vaccinated equids were found to be 5.3% for WNV, 15.5% for TBEV, 0% for USUV, and 1.2% for WNV from autochthonous origin. Additionally, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect WNV nucleic acid in horse sera and was found to be negative in all cases. Risk factor analysis did not identify any factors significantly associated with seropositivity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.