ReviewViruses2021
High Prevalence of Recombinant Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERV-A/Cs) in Minipigs: A Review on Origin and Presence.
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Transmembrane Envelope Protein of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses Modulates Cytokine Release and Gene Expression in Human Immune Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Gammaretrovirus Infections in Humans in the Past, Present, and Future: Have We Defeated the Pathogen?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Characterization of porcine endogenous retrovirus insertion in Jeju native pigs and commercial breeds.Animal bioscience · 2025Article
- Co-Cultivation Assays for Detecting Infectious Human-Tropic Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERVs).International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Construction of the porcine genome mobile element variations and investigation of its role in population diversity and gene expression.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Article
- [Xenotransplantation of solid organs].Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Molecular characterization, tissue expression, and antiviral activities of Bama minipig interferon-α subtypes.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Application of Methods Detecting Xenotransplantation-Relevant Viruses for Screening German Slaughterhouse Pigs.Viruses · 2024Article
- Current Status of Cardiac Xenotransplantation: Report of a Workshop of the German Heart Transplant Centers, Martinsried, March 3, 2023.The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon · 2024Article
- Envelope Recombination: A Major Driver in Shaping Retroviral Diversification and Evolution within the Host Genome.Viruses · 2023Review
- The prevention strategies of swine viruses related to xenotransplantation.Virology journal · 2023Review
- Virus Safety of Xenotransplantation.Viruses · 2022Review
- Virological Characterization of Pigs with Erythema Multiforme.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Rare isolation of human-tropic recombinant porcine endogenous retroviruses PERV-A/C from Göttingen minipigs.Virology journal · 2022Article
- Virological and Parasitological Characterization of Mini-LEWE Minipigs Using Improved Screening Methods and an Overview of Data on Various Minipig Breeds.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Review
- Mitigating Cross-Species Viral Infections in Xenotransplantation: Progress, Strategies, and Clinical Outlook.Cell transplantationReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Minipigs play an important role in biomedical research and they have also been used as donor animals for preclinical xenotransplantations. Since zoonotic microorganisms including viruses can be transmitted when pig cells, tissues or organs are transplanted, virus safety is an important feature in xenotransplantation. Whereas most porcine viruses can be eliminated from pig herds by different strategies, this is not possible for porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs). PERVs are integrated in the genome of pigs and some of them release infectious particles able to infect human cells. Whereas PERV-A and PERV-B are present in all pigs and can infect cells from humans and other species, PERV-C is present in most, but not all pigs and infects only pig cells. Recombinant viruses between PERV-A and PERV-C have been found in some pigs; these recombinants infect human cells and are characterized by high replication rates. PERV-A/C recombinants have been found mainly in minipigs of different origin. The possible reasons of this high prevalence of PERV-A/C in minipigs, including inbreeding and higher numbers and expression of replication-competent PERV-C in these animals, are discussed in this review. Based on these data, it is highly recommended to use only pig donors in clinical xenotransplantation that are negative for PERV-C.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.