ArticleViruses2021
Nonstructural Protein NS1 of Influenza Virus Disrupts Mitochondrial Dynamics and Enhances Mitophagy via ULK1 and BNIP3.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mitochondrial quality control: a new mechanism for antiviral therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Airway immunometabolic responses during pulmonary bacterial and viral infections.Cell reports · 2025Review
- Metabolic Hostile Takeover: How Influenza Virus Reprograms Cellular Metabolism for Replication.Viruses · 2025Review
- ApoD mediates age-associated increase in vulnerability to influenza virus infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Understanding the mechanisms of mitochondrial rewiring during viral infections.The Journal of general virology · 2025Review
- Article
- Crosstalk between Dysfunctional Mitochondria and Proinflammatory Responses during Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Stimulator of Interferon Gene Agonists Induce an Innate Antiviral Response against Influenza Viruses.Viruses · 2024Article
- Insights into Mechanisms and Promising Triple Negative Breast Cancer Therapeutic Potential for a Water-Soluble Ruthenium Compound.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Article
- TRIM21 Promotes Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis through the SQSTM1-NRF2-KEAP1 Axis to Increase the Titers of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Mst1/2-BNIP3 axis is required for mitophagy induction and neuronal viability under mitochondrial stress.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Varicella zoster virus glycoprotein E facilitates PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy to evade STING and MAVS-mediated antiviral innate immunity.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Fei-Yan-Qing-Hua decoction attenuates influenza virus infection by enhancing host antiviral response through microbiota-derived acetate.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- The nucleoprotein of influenza A virus inhibits the innate immune response by inducing mitophagy.Autophagy · 2023Article
- Zika virus modulates mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondria-derived vesicles to facilitate viral replication in trophoblast cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Autophagy and beyond: Unraveling the complexity of UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) from biological functions to therapeutic implications.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2022Review
- Targeting Selective Autophagy as a Therapeutic Strategy for Viral Infectious Diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Reactive oxygen species associated immunoregulation post influenza virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza virus (IFV) is essential for evading interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of influenza. Mitophagy is a type of autophagy that selectively removes damaged mitochondria. The role of NS1 in IFV-mediated mitophagy is currently unknown. Herein, we showed that overexpression of NS1 protein led to enhancement of mitophagy. Mitophagy induction via carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone treatment in IFV-infected A549 cells led to increased viral replication efficiency, whereas the knockdown of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) led to the opposite effect on viral replication. Overexpression of NS1 protein led to changes in mitochondrial dynamics, including depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. In contrast, infection with NS1-deficient virus resulted in impaired mitochondrial fragmentation, subsequent mitolysosomal formation, and mitophagy induction, suggesting an important role of NS1 in mitophagy. Meanwhile, NS1 protein increased the phosphorylation of Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) and the mitochondrial expression of BCL2- interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), both of which were found to be important for IFV-mediated mitophagy. Overall, these data highlight the importance of IFV NS1, ULK1, and BNIP3 during mitophagy activation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.