ReviewViruses2021
Type I Interferon Induction and Exhaustion during Viral Infection: Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Emerging COVID-19 Findings.
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Innate immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Induced Alterations in ADAR Editing Patterns Differ Between Patients Who Developed Critical Compared to Non-Critical COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Immune cell disorder in viral pneumonia.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are dispensable or detrimental in murine systemic or respiratory viral infections.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Decitabine suppresses tumor growth by activating mouse mammary tumor virus and interferon-β pathways.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Article
- Differential effects of young and old hematopoietic stem cell niches on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- Review
- Metabolic deficiencies underlie reduced plasmacytoid dendritic cell IFN-I production following viral infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Contrasting immune responses in COVID-19: insights from healthcare workers and infected patients on plasmablast, pDC, and NK cell dynamics.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in immunity during viral infections and beyond.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- Gain-of-function human UNC93B1 variants cause systemic lupus erythematosus and chilblain lupus.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Vinorelbine causes a neuropathic pain-like state in mice via STING and MNK1 signaling associated with type I interferon induction.iScience · 2024Article
- Review
- Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: A dendritic cell in disguise.Molecular immunology · 2023Review
- Immunomodulatory Agents for Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pneumonia.Clinics in chest medicine · 2023Review
- Antiviral Therapy of COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- DNA sensing via the cGAS/STING pathway activates the immunoproteasome and adaptive T-cell immunity.The EMBO journal · 2023Article
- Omalizumab may protect allergic patients against COVID-19: A systematic review.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2023Review
- Emerging Effects of IL-33 on COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- COVID-19 and Gut Injury.Nutrients · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Type I Interferons (IFN-I) are a family of potent antiviral cytokines that act through the direct restriction of viral replication and by enhancing antiviral immunity. However, these powerful cytokines are a caged lion, as excessive and sustained IFN-I production can drive immunopathology during infection, and aberrant IFN-I production is a feature of several types of autoimmunity. As specialized producers of IFN-I plasmacytoid (p), dendritic cells (DCs) can secrete superb quantities and a wide breadth of IFN-I isoforms immediately after infection or stimulation, and are the focus of this review. Notably, a few days after viral infection pDCs tune down their capacity for IFN-I production, producing less cytokines in response to both the ongoing infection and unrelated secondary stimulations. This process, hereby referred to as "pDC exhaustion", favors viral persistence and associates with reduced innate responses and increased susceptibility to secondary opportunistic infections. On the other hand, pDC exhaustion may be a compromise to avoid IFN-I driven immunopathology. In this review we reflect on the mechanisms that initially induce IFN-I and subsequently silence their production by pDCs during a viral infection. While these processes have been long studied across numerous viral infection models, the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has brought their discussion back to the fore, and so we also discuss emerging results related to pDC-IFN-I production in the context of COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.