Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34578345›Full record

ArticleViruses2021

The Evolving Faces of the SARS-CoV-2 Genome.

Maria Schmidt, Mamoona Arshad, Stephan H Bernhart, Siras Hakobyan, Arsen Arakelyan, Henry Loeffler-Wirth, Hans Binder

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Gamma SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern infection repercussions on pregnancy outcomes: A translational cohort study.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Preeclampsia in the Context of COVID-19: Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Outcomes.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2024
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Maria SchmidtIZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5317-3920
Mamoona ArshadIZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
Stephan H BernhartIZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5928-9449
Siras HakobyanArmenian Bioinformatics Institute (ABI), 7 Hasratyan Str., Yerevan 0014, Armenia.
Arsen ArakelyanArmenian Bioinformatics Institute (ABI), 7 Hasratyan Str., Yerevan 0014, Armenia.
Henry Loeffler-WirthIZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
Hans BinderIZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2242-4678

Funding

Armenian National Science and Education Fund NS-molbio-2522
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Surveillance of the evolving SARS-CoV-2 genome combined with epidemiological monitoring and emerging vaccination became paramount tasks to control the pandemic which is rapidly changing in time and space. Genomic surveillance must combine generation and sharing sequence data with appropriate bioinformatics monitoring and analysis methods. We applied molecular portrayal using self-organizing maps machine learning (SOM portrayal) to characterize the diversity of the virus genomes, their mutual relatedness and development since the beginning of the pandemic. The genetic landscape obtained visualizes the relevant mutations in a lineage-specific fashion and provides developmental paths in genetic state space from early lineages towards the variants of concern alpha, beta, gamma and delta. The different genes of the virus have specific footprints in the landscape reflecting their biological impact. SOM portrayal provides a novel option for 'bioinformatics surveillance' of the pandemic, with strong odds regarding visualization, intuitive perception and 'personalization' of the mutational patterns of the virus genomes.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularGenetic VariationGenome, ViralComputational BiologyCOVID-19GenomicsHumansIncidenceMutationPandemicsPhylogenyPolymorphism, Single NucleotideSARS-CoV-2COVID-19machine learningSARS-CoV-2 lineages genomic surveillanceself-organizing maps portrayalsingle nucleotide variantsvirus sequencing

Identifiers

PMID34578345
PMCPMC8472651

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.