ArticleViruses2021
Large Evolutionary Rate Heterogeneity among and within HIV-1 Subtypes and CRFs.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV epidemic and needs beyond fast-track cities: a transmission network analysis to study the dynamics of HIV clusters in a French region near Paris.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Variations and evolution of HIV-1 provirus in peripheral blood under the pressure of ART.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- Prevalence, dynamic change and spatial distribution of HIV-1 CRF119_0107 from 2019 to 2024 in Nanjing, China: a genomic and spatial epidemiological analysis.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Comparison of HIV-1 A6 dispersal dynamics in Poland before and after the war in Ukraine.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Rev Protein Diversity in HIV-1 Group M Clades.Viruses · 2024Article
- Article
- The origin, dissemination, and molecular networks of HIV-1 CRF65_cpx strain in Hainan Island, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Epidemic trend, genetic characteristics, and transmission networks of HIV-1 among treatment-naive men who have sex with men in Hebei province, China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- HIV and Drug-Resistant Subtypes.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- A critical analysis of the current state of virus taxonomy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Combining biomarker and virus phylogenetic models improves HIV-1 epidemiological source identification.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-1 is a fast-evolving, genetically diverse virus presently classified into several groups and subtypes. The virus evolves rapidly because of an error-prone polymerase, high rates of recombination, and selection in response to the host immune system and clinical management of the infection. The rate of evolution is also influenced by the rate of virus spread in a population and nature of the outbreak, among other factors. HIV-1 evolution is thus driven by a range of complex genetic, social, and epidemiological factors that complicates disease management and prevention. Here, we quantify the evolutionary (substitution) rate heterogeneity among major HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants by analyzing the largest collection of HIV-1 genetic data spanning the widest possible geographical (100 countries) and temporal (1981-2019) spread. We show that HIV-1 substitution rates vary substantially, sometimes by several folds, both across the virus genome and between major subtypes and recombinants, but also within a subtype. Across subtypes, rates ranged 3.5-fold from 1.34 × 10
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.