Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34578196›Full record

ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Human Babesiosis in Europe.

Anke Hildebrandt, Annetta Zintl, Estrella Montero, Klaus-Peter Hunfeld, Jeremy Gray

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
60citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

60 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Tick-Borne Pathogens in Wild Cervids from Poland: A Molecular Survey onAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Observational
  5. Zoonotic Pathogens inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  6. Babesiosis and Its Significance in Transfusion Medicine from a European Point of View.Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Human babesiosis: The past, present and future.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Application of Multiplatform Mass Spectrometry to the Study ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Impact of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in Spain from 1997 to 2022.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Three Cases of Human Babesiosis, Italy, 2017-2020.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025
    Article
  16. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Infectious medicine · 2025
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Anke HildebrandtSt. Vincenz Hospital Datteln, Department of Internal Medicine I, 45711 Datteln, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4518-3501
Annetta ZintlUCD School of Veterinary Sciences, University College Dublin, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0001-5600-579X
Estrella MonteroParasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
Klaus-Peter HunfeldInstitute of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology & Infection Control, Northwest Medical Center, Medical Faculty Goethe University Frankfurt, Steinbacher Hohl 2-26, 60488 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Jeremy GrayUCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Babesiosis is attracting increasing attention as a worldwide emerging zoonosis. The first case of human babesiosis in Europe was described in the late 1950s and since then more than 60 cases have been reported in Europe. While the disease is relatively rare in Europe, it is significant because the majority of cases present as life-threatening fulminant infections, mainly in immunocompromised patients. Although appearing clinically similar to human babesiosis elsewhere, particularly in the USA, most European forms of the disease are distinct entities, especially concerning epidemiology, human susceptibility to infection and clinical management. This paper describes the history of the disease and reviews all published cases that have occurred in Europe with regard to the identity and genetic characteristics of the etiological agents, pathogenesis, aspects of epidemiology including the eco-epidemiology of the vectors, the clinical courses of infection, diagnostic tools and clinical management and treatment.

Indexed as

Babesia divergensBabesia microtiBabesia venatorumclinical casesdiagnosisepidemiologyEuropean babesiosisIxodes ricinusparasite identitytreatment

Identifiers

PMID34578196
PMCPMC8468516

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.