ArticlePolymers2021
Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Evaluation of Thermoplastic Polyurethane and Polylactic Acid Blend for Fabrication of 3D Filaments for Tracheal Tissue Engineering.
Article in Polymers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- 3D printing as an innovative tool in personalized management of complex airway diseases: a literature review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Current status, trend and progress of stem cells in tracheal tissue engineering research: an overview and perspectives.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Collagen-Coated 3D-TechTra Scaffold Integrated with Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances Tracheal Tissue Regeneration and Reduces Stenosis in Rabbit Models.Current medical science · 2025Article
- Synthesis and use of thermoplastic polymers for tissue engineering purposes.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Review
- Advancements in lung regeneration: from bench to bedside.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Open-source 3D printable forearm crutch.PloS one · 2025Article
- Tissue-engineered tracheal implants: Advancements, challenges, and clinical considerations.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2024Review
- Influence of post-processing on the adhesion of dual-species biofilm on polylactic acid obtained by additive manufacturing.The Saudi dental journal · 2024Article
- Surgical Innovations in Tracheal Reconstruction: A Review on Synthetic Material Fabrication.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Bioengineering and Clinical Translation of Human Lung and its Components.Advanced biology · 2023Review
- Investigation of the In Vitro and In Vivo Biocompatibility of a Three-Dimensional Printed Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Polylactic Acid Blend for the Development of Tracheal Scaffolds.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Design and Development of Instrumented Toys for the Assessment of Infant Cognitive Flexibility.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- 3D-Printed Biomaterial Testing in Response to Cryoablation: Implications for Surgical Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
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- Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering: Production, Isolation, Characterization.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Temperature analysis of 3D-printed biomaterials during unipolar and bipolar radiofrequency ablation procedure.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Surgical reconstruction of extensive tracheal lesions is challenging. It requires a mechanically stable, biocompatible, and nontoxic material that gradually degrades. One of the possible solutions for overcoming the limitations of tracheal transplantation is a three-dimensional (3D) printed tracheal scaffold made of polymers. Polymer blending is one of the methods used to produce material for a trachea scaffold with tailored characteristics. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the mechanical and in vitro properties of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polylactic acid (PLA) blend as a potential material for 3D printed tracheal scaffolds. Both materials were melt-blended using a single screw extruder. The morphologies (as well as the mechanical and thermal characteristics) were determined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, tensile test, and Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC). The samples were also evaluated for their water absorption, in vitro biodegradability, and biocompatibility. It is demonstrated that, despite being not miscible, TPU and PLA are biocompatible, and their promising properties are suitable for future applications in tracheal tissue engineering.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.