ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Engineering Mitochondriotropic Carbon Dots for Targeting Cancer Cells.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Carbon Dots Impart Thermosensitivity to Doxorubicin Loaded Phospholipid Liposomes.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Influence of Carbon Quantum Dots on the Orientational Order and Rotational Viscosity of 8CB.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Alkyltriphenylphosphonium-Functionalized Hyperbranched Polyethyleneimine Nanoparticles for Safe and Efficient Bacterial Eradication: A Structure-Property Relationship Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Near-Infrared Emissive Super Penetrating Conjugated Polymer Dots for Intratumoral Imaging in 3D Tumor Spheroid Models.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Synthesis and Characterization of Paclitaxel-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effects and Antimicrobial Activity.Bioinorganic chemistry and applications · 2024Article
- Carbon Dots-Biomembrane Interactions and Their Implications for Cellular Drug Delivery.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Photodynamic Anti-Bacteria by Carbon Dots and Their Nano-Composites.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Recent Advances in Carbon Dots forFrontiers in chemistry · 2022Review
- Mechanistic Understanding from Molecular Dynamics in Pharmaceutical Research 2: Lipid Membrane in Drug Design.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Aiming to understand and enhance the capacity of carbon dots (CDs) to transport through cell membranes and target subcellular organelles-in particular, mitochondria-a series of nitrogen-doped CDs were prepared by the one-step microwave-assisted pyrolysis of citric acid and ethylenediamine. Following optimization of the reaction conditions for maximum fluorescence, functionalization at various degrees with alkylated triphenylphosphonium functional groups of two different alkyl chain lengths afforded a series of functionalized CDs that exhibited either lysosome or mitochondria subcellular localization. Further functionalization with rhodamine B enabled enhanced fluorescence imaging capabilities in the visible spectrum and allowed the use of low quantities of CDs in relevant experiments. It was thus possible, by the appropriate selection of the alkyl chain length and degree of functionalization, to attain successful mitochondrial targeting, while preserving non-toxicity and biocompatibility. In vitro cell experiments performed on normal as well as cancer cell lines proved their non-cytotoxic character and imaging potential, even at very low concentrations, by fluorescence microscopy. Precise targeting of mitochondria is feasible with carefully designed CDs that, furthermore, are specifically internalized in cells and cell mitochondria of high transmembrane potential and thus exhibit selective uptake in malignant cells compared to normal cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.