ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Prevalence and Determinants of Multimorbidity, Polypharmacy, and Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in the Older Outpatients: Findings from EuroAgeism H2020 ESR7 Project in Ethiopia.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Drug-drug interaction among elderly patients in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of potential drug‒drug interactions and associated factors among elderly patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Global health research and policy · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of polypharmacy among older adults in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of Use of Potentially Inappropriate Medications Among Older Adults Worldwide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Inappropriate antibiotic utilization in hospitalized patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Review
- Development of a nomogram for predicting the risk of potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: A retrospective cross-sectional study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Medication communication and management: exploring the experiences and observations of older patients with multimorbidity and their families at hospital discharge.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- ESCP best practice: development of the national methodology for the provision of clinical-pharmaceutical care and its implementation in the healthcare system of the Czech Republic.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2025Article
- Article
- A scoping review on generative AI and large language models in mitigating medication related harm.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Potentially inappropriate medication use and associated factors among older adults in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2025Review
- Polypharmacy Is Associated with Sociodemographic Factors and Socioeconomic Status in United States Adults.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Multimorbidity and its associated risk factors among adults in northern Sudan: a community-based cross-sectional study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Chronic Conditions and Multimorbidity Among Middle-Aged and Elderly Peri-Urban Dwellers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.International journal of public health · 2024Article
- Potentially Inappropriate Medications Use and Associated Factors Among Older Patients on Follow-Up at the Chronic Care Clinic of Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Eastern Ethiopia.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2024Article
- Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medicine use in older adults with cancer: a multicenter cross-sectional study in Northwest Ethiopia oncologic centers.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2024Article
- Multimorbidity in African ancestry populations: a scoping review.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- How to write a successful grant application: guidance provided by the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2023Article
- Overuse of medications in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Few studies have been conducted on multimorbidity (two or more chronic diseases) and rational geriatric prescribing in Africa. This study examined the prevalence and determinants of multimorbidity, polypharmacy (five or more long-term medications), and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use according to the 2019 Beers criteria among the older adults attending chronic care clinics from a single institution in Ethiopia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 randomly selected older adults from 12 March 2020 to 30 August 2020. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictor variables. The prevalence of multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and PIM exposure was 59.1%, 24.1%, and 47.2%, respectively. Diuretics (10%), insulin sliding scale (8.8%), amitriptyline (7.8%), and aspirin (6.9%) were among the most frequently prescribed PIMs. Older patients experiencing pain flare-ups were more likely to have multimorbidity (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.64, 95% confidence intervals: 1.13-2.39). Persistent anger (AOR: 3.33; 1.71-6.47) and use of mobility aids (AOR: 2.41, 1.35-4.28) were associated with polypharmacy. Moreover, cognitive impairment (AOR: 1.65, 1.15-2.34) and health deterioration (AOR: 1.61, 1.11-2.32) increased the likelihood of PIM exposure. High prevalence of multimorbidity and PIM use was observed in Ethiopia. Several important determinants that can be modified by applying PIM criteria in routine practice were also identified.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.