Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34576988›Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Antipruritic Effect of Nalbuphine, a Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist, in Mice: A Pan Antipruritic.

Saadet Inan, Nae J Dun, Alan Cowan

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Opioid-Induced Pruritus: A Case Series on Novel Uses of Nalbuphine in the Emergency Department.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Saadet InanDepartment of Neural Sciences, Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Nae J DunDepartment of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Alan CowanDepartment of Neural Sciences, Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Temple University · US

Funding

Pilot Projects Core (PPC)P30DA013429 · NIDA · TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH · PI Munir Gunes Kutlu · 2000 to 2026
$34.6M
National Institute of Health/National Institute on Drug Abuse P30 DA 013429NIDA NIH HHS P30 DA013429
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antipruritic effects of kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists have been shown in rodent models of acute and chronic scratching (itchlike behavior). Three KOR agonists, nalfurafine, difelikefalin, and nalbuphine, are in clinical studies for antipruritic effects in chronic itch of systemic and skin diseases. Nalfurafine (in Japan) and difelikefalin (in the USA) were approved to be used in the treatment of chronic itch in hemodialysis patients. The FDA-approved nalbuphine has been used in clinic for over 40 years, and it is the only narcotic agonist that is not scheduled. We aimed to study (a) antiscratch activity of nalbuphine against TAT-HIV-1 protein (controls HIV transcription)-, deoxycholic acid (DCA, bile acid)-, and chloroquine (CQ)-induced scratching in a mouse model of acute itch; and (b) whether the effect of nalbuphine is produced via KORs. First, dose-responses were developed for pruritogens. Mice were pretreated with nalbuphine (0.3-10 mg/kg) and then a submaximal dose of pruritogens were administered and the number of scratching bouts was counted. To study if the antiscratch effect of nalbuphine is produced via KOR, we used KOR knock out mice and pharmacologic inhibition of KORs using nor-binaltorphimine, a KOR antagonist. For this aim, we used CQ as a pruritogen. We found that: (a) TAT-HIV-1 protein elicits scratching in a dose-dependent manner; (b) nalbuphine inhibits scratching induced by TAT-HIV-1, DCA, and CQ dose-dependently; and (c) nalbuphine inhibits scratching induced by CQ through KORs. In conclusion, nalbuphine inhibits scratching elicited by multiple pruritogens.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntipruriticsBehavior, AnimalChloroquineDeoxycholic AcidDisease Models, AnimalDose-Response Relationship, DrugMaleMiceNalbuphineNaltrexoneNarcotic AntagonistsPruritusReceptors, Opioid, kappatat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusAntipruriticsChloroquineDeoxycholic AcidNalbuphineNaltrexoneNarcotic AntagonistsnorbinaltorphimineReceptors, Opioid, kappatat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Viruschloroquinecholestasisdeoxycholic acidkappa opioid receptor agonistmicenalbuphinepruritisscratchingTAT-HIV

Identifiers

PMID34576988
PMCPMC8466557
OpenAlexW3200056855

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.