ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Inactivation Activities of Ozonated Water, Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water and Ethanol against SARS-CoV-2.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in Ozone-Based Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2: An Updated Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Use of Electrolysed Water as Disinfection Technology in Front of Various Microorganisms and SARS-COV-2.Food and environmental virology · 2025Review
- Comparative evaluation of the virucidal activities of ozonated water, povidone-iodine, and ethanol against human adenovirus.Journal of water and health · 2025Article
- Ozone therapy in dentistry: An overview of the biological mechanisms involved (Review).Biomedical reports · 2024Review
- Methods for SARS-CoV-2 hospital disinfection,Infection prevention in practice · 2024Article
- Kinetics of sterilization of atomized slightly acidic electrolyzed water on tableware.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Efficacy of different mouthwashes against COVID-19: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.The Japanese dental science review · 2023Review
- Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Strategies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Virucidal Activities of Acidic Electrolyzed Water Solutions with Different pH Values against Multiple Strains of SARS-CoV-2.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Application of an Ultrasonic Nebulizer Closet in the Disinfection of Textiles and Footwear.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Rapid in vitro virucidal activity of slightly acidic hypochlorous acid water toward aerosolized coronavirus in simulated human-dispersed droplets.Virus research · 2022Article
- Acidic Electrolyzed Water Inhibits the Viability ofFrontiers in medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the SARS-CoV-2-inactivation activity and virucidal mechanisms of ozonated water (OW) with those of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and 70% ethanol (EtOH). SARS-CoV-2-inactivation activity was evaluated in a virus solution containing 1%, 20% or 40% fetal bovine serum (FBS) with OW, SAEW or EtOH at a virus-to-test solution ratio of 1:9, 1:19 or 1:99 for a reaction time of 20 s. EtOH showed the strongest virucidal activity, followed by SAEW and OW. Even though EtOH potently inactivated the virus despite the 40% FBS concentration, virus inactivation by OW and SAEW decreased in proportion to the increase in FBS concentration. Nevertheless, OW and SAEW showed potent virucidal activity with 40% FBS at a virus-to-test solution ratio of 1:99. Real-time PCR targeting the viral genome revealed that cycle threshold values in the OW and SAEW groups were significantly higher than those in the control group, suggesting that OW and SAEW disrupted the viral genome. Western blotting analysis targeting the recombinant viral spike protein S1 subunit showed a change in the specific band into a ladder upon treatment with OW and SAEW. OW and SAEW may cause conformational changes in the S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
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Registered trials
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