ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Ex Vivo Expanded and Activated Natural Killer Cells Prolong the Overall Survival of Mice with Glioblastoma-like Cell-Derived Tumors.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- From liver to cardiovascular system: the MASLD-ASCVD continuum.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Review
- The microenvironment of glioblastoma: in pursuit of universal multimodal immunotherapy.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Review
- Crosstalk in the brain tumor microenvironment: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical advances.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma: mechanisms, immune cell interactions, and the tumour microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Natural killer cell-based senotherapy: a promising strategy for healthy aging.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Antitumor Effects of Intravenous Natural Killer Cell Infusion in an Orthotopic Glioblastoma Xenograft Murine Model and Gene Expression Profile Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- An efficient feeder-free and chemically-defined expansion strategy for highly purified natural killer cells derived from human cord blood.Regenerative therapy · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Anti-KIR Antibody of 1-7F9 Attenuates the Antitumor Effects of Expanded and Activated Human Primary Natural Killer Cells on In Vitro Glioblastoma-like Cells and Orthotopic Tumors Derived Therefrom.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Natural Killer Cells and Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Advances in NK cell therapy for brain tumors.NPJ precision oncology · 2023Review
- Natural Killer Cell-Based Immunotherapy against Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- ROS regulation in gliomas: implications for treatment strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Cytokines impact natural killer cell phenotype and functionality against glioblastomaFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Establishment of an efficient ex vivo expansion strategy for human natural killer cells stimulated by defined cytokine cocktail and antibodies against natural killer cell activating receptors.Regenerative therapy · 2022Article
- The War Is on: The Immune System against Glioblastoma-How Can NK Cells Drive This Battle?Biomedicines · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the leading malignant intracranial tumor and is associated with a poor prognosis. Highly purified, activated natural killer (NK) cells, designated as genuine induced NK cells (GiNKs), represent a promising immunotherapy for GBM. We evaluated the anti-tumor effect of GiNKs in association with the programmed death 1(PD-1)/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint pathway. We determined the level of PD-1 expression, a receptor known to down-regulate the immune response against malignancy, on GiNKs. PD-L1 expression on glioma cell lines (GBM-like cell line U87MG, and GBM cell line T98G) was also determined. To evaluate the anti-tumor activity of GiNKs in vivo, we used a xenograft model of subcutaneously implanted U87MG cells in immunocompromised NOG mice. The GiNKs expressed very low levels of PD-1. Although PD-L1 was expressed on U87MG and T98G cells, the expression levels were highly variable. Our xenograft model revealed that the retro-orbital administration of GiNKs and interleukin-2 (IL-2) prolonged the survival of NOG mice bearing subcutaneous U87MG-derived tumors. PD-1 blocking antibodies did not have an additive effect with GiNKs for prolonging survival. GiNKs may represent a promising cell-based immunotherapy for patients with GBM and are minimally affected by the PD-1/PD-L1 immune evasion axis in GBM.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.