ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Potential Role of Soluble Toll-like Receptors 2 and 4 as Therapeutic Agents in Stroke and Brain Hemorrhage.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Temporal Profile of Soluble TLR4 and its Association with Intracerebral Haemorrhage Expansion.Translational stroke research · 2026Article
- Hemoglobin inhibits fibroblast-to-cardiomyocyte reprogramming via TLR2/TLR4-dependent chromatin compaction.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Microglia‑mediated neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage: Pathological mechanisms and implications for therapeutic development (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Proteoglycan 4 attenuates ischemic post-stroke hemorrhagic transformation and blood-brain barrier disruption.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- The Impact of Recreational Diving to a Depth of 40 m on Selected Intracellular DAMPs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Pro-Oxidative and Inflammatory Actions of Extracellular Hemoglobin and Heme: Molecular Events and Implications for Alzheimer's and Parkinson Disease.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2025Review
- Investigation of Correlation between Resistance to Diazepam and Expression of Inflammatory Markers in The Peripheral Blood of Patients with Status Epilepticus.Acta medica academica · 2023Article
- Resolvin D1 Induces mTOR-independent and ATG5-dependent Autophagy in BV-2 Microglial Cells.Current medical science · 2023Article
- Systemic Inflammation after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Molecular Signaling in Stroke.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Application and Its Therapeutic Mechanisms in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hemolysis is a physiological condition in which red blood cells (RBCs) lyse, releasing their contents into the extracellular environment. Hemolysis can be a manifestation of several diseases and conditions, such as sickle cell disease, hemorrhagic stroke, and trauma. Heme and hemoglobin are among the unique contents of RBCs that are released into the environment. Although these contents can cause oxidative stress, especially when oxidized in the extracellular environment, they can also initiate a proinflammatory response because they bind to receptors such as the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. This review seeks to clarify the mechanism by which TLRs initiate a proinflammatory response to heme, hemoglobin, and their oxidized derivatives, as well as the possibility of using soluble TLRs (sTLRs) as therapeutic agents. Furthermore, this review explores the possibility of using sTLRs in hemorrhagic disorders in which mitigating inflammation is essential for clinical outcomes, including hemorrhagic stroke and its subtypes, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.