ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
The Kynurenine Pathway-New Linkage between Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Autoimmune Endocrinopathies.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances and perspectives in genetically encoded biosensors for biomarker detection and theranostic circuits.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2027Review
- Metabolomic profile differs between LADA and type 1 diabetes identifying tryptophan metabolism as a pathway involved in the heterogeneity of autoimmune diabetes.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Lung Microbiome Diversity, Infection Dynamics, and Microbe-Mediated Cross-Protection.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Genomics-informed approach identifies which cell types regulate the metabolome.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Microbiome-Based Clustering Identifies Glycemic Control-Related Subtypes in Youth With Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes.MedComm · 2026Article
- Review
- Elevating Circulating L-Kynurenine Promotes Frailty in Aging Mice.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
- Draft Genome of Entamoeba marina Provides Insights Into the Attenuation of Pathogenicity and Adaptation to the Marine Environment.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- IDO family: the metabolic crossroads connecting immunity, nerves and tumors.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Design, Synthesis, and Structural Evolution of Pseudo-Natural Product IDO1 Inhibitors and Degraders.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- The inflammation-immunosuppression loop as a driver of immune dysfunction and secondary infections in severe COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The kynurenine pathway in depression and schizophrenia: convergent signals, divergent states, and clinical signatures.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Kynu inhibition mitigates bile duct ischemic injury by rewiring tryptophan metabolism to restore tight junction integrity.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Kynurenine Pathway Modulation by Exercise in Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Neuroprotection and Inflammation.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- HCAR3 and Kynurenic Acid in Cancer: A Promising Axis of Immunometabolic Regulation or a Scientific Mirage?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- High-dimensional mediation analysis to elucidate the role of metabolites in the association between PFAS exposure and reduced SARS-CoV-2 IgG in pregnancy.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- HDLR-SR-BI Expression and Cholesterol Uptake are Regulated via Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 in Macrophages under Inflammation.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2025Article
- Peripheral Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites in Patients with Psoriasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Metabolic Reprogramming in Response to Freund's Adjuvants: Insights from Serum Metabolomics.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- From Microbes to Metabolites: Advances in Gut Microbiome Research in Type 1 Diabetes.Metabolites · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) is highly regulated in the immune system, where it promotes immunosuppression in response to infection or inflammation. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), the main enzyme of KP, has a broad spectrum of activity on immune cells regulation, controlling the balance between stimulation and suppression of the immune system at sites of local inflammation, relevant to a wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Various autoimmune diseases, among them endocrinopathies, have been identified to date, but despite significant progress in their diagnosis and treatment, they are still associated with significant complications, morbidity, and mortality. The precise cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to the onset and development of autoimmune disease remain poorly clarified so far. In breaking of tolerance, the cells of the innate immunity provide a decisive microenvironment that regulates immune cells' differentiation, leading to activation of adaptive immunity. The current review provided a comprehensive presentation of the known role of IDO1 and KP activation in the regulation of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Significant attention has been paid to the immunoregulatory role of IDO1 in the most prevalent, organ-specific autoimmune endocrinopathies-type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and autoimmune thyroiditis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.