ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
The Role of Melanoma Cell-Derived Exosomes (MTEX) and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) within a Tumor Microenvironment.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overcoming Biophysical Barriers in Melanoma Photomedicine: From Photodynamic Therapy to Smart Nanodelivery and Photoimmunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Advancing Lung Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Photodynamic Therapy and Nanoparticle Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Article
- 3D bioprinted melanoma models: a novel paradigm for the assessment of anticancer strategies combining PDT and drug delivery systems.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Review
- The examination of in vitro photosensitizing efficacy of aloe-emodin loaded liposome following photodynamic therapy on melanoma cell lines.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Smart nanocarriers for cancer: harnessing exosomes and lipid systems in photodynamic and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy and delivery systems for melanoma.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Exosome-based immunotherapy as an innovative therapeutic approach in melanoma.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Therapy and Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy.Cells · 2023Review
- Research progress on reactive oxygen species production mechanisms in tumor sonodynamic therapy.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Review
- Photodynamic Therapy Can Modulate the Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Microenvironment Infected with the Epstein-Barr Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Extracellular Vesicles-Based Cell-Cell Communication in Melanoma: New Perspectives in Diagnostics and Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- CREB1 regulates KPNA2 by inhibiting mir-495-3p transcription to control melanoma progression : The role of the CREB1/miR-495-3p/KPNA2 axis in melanoma progression.BMC molecular and cell biology · 2022Article
- Tumor-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Involved in Breast Cancer Progression and Drug Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Molecular Docking and Intracellular Translocation of Extracellular Vesicles for Efficient Drug Delivery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Functions and therapeutic potentials of exosomes in osteosarcoma.Acta materia medica · 2022Article
- Photodynamic Effects with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Cytokines and Exosomes in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Near-Infrared Light-Activated Oxygen Generator a Multidynamic Photo-Nanoplatform for Effective Anti-Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2022Article
- Extracellular vesicles: A new diagnostic biomarker and targeted drug in osteosarcoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Development and Validation of a Novel Survival Model for Cutaneous Melanoma Based on Necroptosis-Related Genes.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), an unconventional cancer therapy with optimistic desirable effects, utilizes the delivery of a photosensitizer (PS) that is activated by light at a particular wavelength and inducing oxidative cytotoxic damage of a tumor and its surrounding vasculature. Deeper seated tumors such as internally metastasized melanomas are more difficult to treat with PDT as the penetration of laser light to those sites is less. Limitations in targeting melanomas can also be attributed to melanin pigments that hinder laser light from reaching targeted sites. Exosomes serve as naturally occurring nanoparticles that can be re-assembled with PSs, improving targeted cellular absorption of photosensitizing agents during PDT. Additionally, studies indicate that exosomes released from PDT-treated tumor cells play a critical role in mediating anti-tumor immune responses. This review collates the role of Melanoma Cell-Derived Exosomes (MTEX) in immune response mediation and metastasis. Tumor Cell-Derived Exosomes (TEX) post PDT treatment are also reviewed, as well as the effects of exosomes as carriers of photosensitizers and delivery systems for PDT. The understanding and research on the role of melanoma exosomes induced by Photodynamic Therapy and their tumor microenvironment will assist in future research in treatment prospects and implications.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.