ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Endothelial-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Induce Cerebrovascular Dysfunction in Inflammation.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07651787 (Neurovascular and Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Transcranial Photobiomodulation in Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neurovascular and Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Transcranial Photobiomodulation in Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- TNFα-induced endothelial extracellular vesicles regulate astrocyte function: an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic study.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicle-mediated bidirectional communication between the brain and peripheral organs in Alzheimer's disease: evidence, mechanisms, and translational perspectives.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Article
- Permeation of small extracellular vesicles across a human blood-brain barrier transwell model remains below particle detection limits, even under oxygen/glucose deprived conditions.Tissue barriers · 2026Article
- Uptake of DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell line derived extracellular vesicles is inversely correlated with blood-brain barrier integrity in vitro.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Recent advances in mesenchymal stem cell therapy for multiple sclerosis: clinical applications and challenges.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles: biological mechanisms and emerging therapeutic opportunities in neurodegenerative diseases.Translational neurodegeneration · 2024Review
- Annexin A1 Mitigates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in a Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy Model by Enhancing the Expression of Occludin and Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1).CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Characteristic changes in the mRNA expression profile of plasma exosomes from patients with MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis and its possible correlations with pathogenesis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis-A Key to Understanding and Managing Disease Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- From Genesis to Old Age: Exploring the Immune System One Cell at a Time with Flow Cytometry.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Cerebral microvascular endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles regulate blood - brain barrier function.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Article
- Cerebral endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles regulate microglial polarization and promote autophagy via delivery of miR-672-5p.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Impact and Advances in the Role of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Neurodegenerative Disease and Its Therapeutics.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in multiple sclerosis: From cellular surrogates to pathogenic mediators and beyond.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2023Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as "Very Important Particles" (VIPs) in Aging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Lung-Based, Exosome Inhibition Mediates Systemic Impacts Following Particulate Matter Exposure.Toxics · 2022Article
- Lymphatic and Blood Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles: A Story Yet to Be Written.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral small-vessel disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is a key hallmark in the pathology of many neuroinflammatory disorders. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid membrane-enclosed carriers of molecular cargo that are involved in cell-to-cell communication. Circulating endothelial EVs are increased in the plasma of patients with neurological disorders, and immune cell-derived EVs are known to modulate cerebrovascular functions. However, little is known about whether brain endothelial cell (BEC)-derived EVs themselves contribute to BBB dysfunction. Human cerebral microvascular cells (hCMEC/D3) were treated with TNFα and IFNy, and the EVs were isolated and characterised. The effect of EVs on BBB transendothelial resistance (TEER) and leukocyte adhesion in hCMEC/D3 cells was measured by electric substrate cell-substrate impedance sensing and the flow-based T-cell adhesion assay. EV-induced molecular changes in recipient hCMEC/D3 cells were analysed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. A stimulation of naïve hCMEC/D3 cells with small EVs (sEVs) reduced the TEER and increased the shear-resistant T-cell adhesion. The levels of
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.