Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34575569›Full record

ArticlePharmaceutics2021

M1 Macrophage-Derived Exosomes Loaded with Gemcitabine and Deferasirox against Chemoresistant Pancreatic Cancer.

Yongmei Zhao, Yuanlin Zheng, Yan Zhu, Yi Zhang, Hongyan Zhu, Tianqing Liu

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
66citing papers in PubMed
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

66 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.

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  4. MedComm · 2026
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  10. Unraveling the Predictive Value ofStem cells international · 2026
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6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Yongmei ZhaoSchool of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
Yuanlin ZhengSchool of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
Yan ZhuSchool of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
Yi ZhangSchool of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
Hongyan ZhuSchool of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
Tianqing LiuNICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia.
Nantong University · CNUniversity of Glasgow · GBWestern Sydney University · AU

Funding

Large Instruments Open Foundation of Nantong University KFJN2063National Health and Medical Research Council 1112258National Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institution 19KJD350002Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China BK20201443
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is a malignant disease with high mortality and poor prognosis due to lack of early diagnosis and low treatment efficiency after diagnosis. Although Gemcitabine (GEM) is used as the first-line chemotherapeutic drug, chemoresistance is still the major problem that limits its therapeutic efficacy. Here in this study, we developed a specific M1 macrophage-derived exosome (M1Exo)-based drug delivery system against GEM resistance in pancreatic cancer. In addition to GEM, Deferasirox (DFX) was also loaded into drug carrier, M1Exo, in order to inhibit ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) expression via depleting iron, and thus increase chemosensitivity of GEM. The M1Exo nanoformulations combining both GEM and DFX significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy on the GEM-resistant PANC-1/GEM cells and 3D tumor spheroids by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, cell attachment and migration, and chemoresistance to GEM. These data demonstrated that M1Exo loaded with GEM and DFX offered an efficient therapeutic strategy for drug-resistant pancreatic cancer.

Indexed as

chemoresistancedeferasiroxexosomesgemcitabinepancreatic cancerRRM2

Identifiers

PMID34575569
PMCPMC8472397
OpenAlexW3199165549

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.