ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Enhancement of Skin Delivery of Drugs Using Proposome Depends on Drug Lipophilicity.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antrodia cinnamomea extract exhibits anti-melanogenic and anti-photoaging effects: potential for cosmetic and dermatological applications.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Skin Penetration of Fluorescent Dissolved Formulations Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Simulation of Tofacitinib in Humans Using Extrapolation from Single-Species Renal Failure Model.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Tracking the Effect of Phosvitin (PV) Concentration on the Skin Permeation of Somatotropin (STH) from Semi-Solid Hydrogel Formulations.Polymers · 2025Article
- Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Tofacitinib: Predicting Drug Exposure and Optimizing Dosage in Special Populations and Drug-Drug Interaction Scenarios.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Potential ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Realizing real-time optical molecular imaging in peripheral nerve tissue via Rhodamine B.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Transdermal Drug Delivery of Tazarotene: Determining Tazarotene's Potential in Local Transdermal Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Prediction of drug permeation through microneedled skin by machine learning.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Article
- Lipid Nano-System Based Topical Drug Delivery for Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Overview.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2023Review
- Study of Lipophilicity and ADME Properties of 1,9-Diazaphenothiazines with Anticancer Action.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Naringin: Nanotechnological Strategies for Potential Pharmaceutical Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- The Potential of Pharmaceutical Hydrogels in the Formulation of Topical Administration Hormone Drugs.Polymers · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the propylene glycol-based liposomes named 'proposomes' in enhancing skin permeation of drugs with different physicochemical properties. Ibuprofen, tofacitinib citrate, rhodamine B, and lidocaine were loaded into proposomes. These drug formulations were analyzed for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro skin permeation. The confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed on skin treated with calcein and rhodamine B laden proposomes. The transdermal delivery relative to physicochemical properties of drugs such as logP, melting point, molecular weight, solubility, etc., were analyzed. We tested the safety of the proposomes using reconstructed human skin tissue equivalents, which were fabricated in-house. We also used human cadaver skin samples as a control. The proposomes had an average diameter of 128 to 148 nm. The drug's entrapment efficiencies were in the range of 42.9-52.7%, translating into the significant enhancement of drug permeation through the skin. The enhancement ratio was 1.4 to 4.0, and linearly correlated to logP, molecular weight, and melting point. Confocal imaging also showed higher skin permeation of calcein and rhodamine B in proposome than in solution. The proposome was found safe for skin application. The enhancement of skin delivery of drugs through proposomes was dependent on the lipophilicity of the drug. The entrapment efficiency was positively correlated with logP of the drug, which led to high drug absorption.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.