Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34575506›Full record

ReviewPharmaceutics2021

Biomimetic Bacterial Membrane Vesicles for Drug Delivery Applications.

Sajid Fazal, Ruda Lee

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Hypothalamic wars: the last nanodelivery.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Violacein-Loaded Outer Membrane Vesicles fromACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025
    Article
  6. Bacterial Minicell-Based Biohybrid Sub-micron Swimmers for Targeted Cargo Delivery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sajid FazalInternational Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-4752-2813
Ruda LeeInternational Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-4925-1156
Kumamoto University · JP

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 20K20203
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Numerous factors need to be considered to develop a nanodrug delivery system that is biocompatible, non-toxic, easy to synthesize, cost-effective, and feasible for scale up over and above their therapeutic efficacy. With regards to this, worldwide, exosomes, which are nano-sized vesicles obtained from mammalian cells, are being explored as a biomimetic drug delivery system that has superior biocompatibility and high translational capability. However, the economics of undertaking large-scale mammalian culture to derive exosomal vesicles for translation seems to be challenging and unfeasible. Recently, Bacterial Membrane Vesicles (BMVs) derived from bacteria are being explored as a viable alternative as biomimetic drug delivery systems that can be manufactured relatively easily at much lower costs at a large scale. Until now, BMVs have been investigated extensively as successful immunomodulating agents, but their capability as drug delivery systems remains to be explored in detail. In this review, the use of BMVs as suitable cargo delivery vehicles is discussed with focus on their use for in vivo treatment of cancer and bacterial infections reported thus far. Additionally, the different types of BMVs, factors affecting their synthesis and different cargo loading techniques used in BMVs are also discussed.

Indexed as

antibiotic therapybacterial membrane vesiclesbiomimeticsdrug deliverynanoparticles

Identifiers

PMID34575506
PMCPMC8468068
OpenAlexW3196756924

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.