ArticlePharmaceutics2021
3D Printed Punctal Plugs for Controlled Ocular Drug Delivery.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Punctal and Intracanalicular Drug Delivery Systems for Ophthalmic Use: A Narrative Review of Technologies, Clinical Outcomes, and Critical Quality Attributes.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Photopolymerizable Imidazolium Methacrylate Networks for Controlled Dexamethasone Release: Potential Application in Uveitis Therapy.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Non-invasive pharmacological advances in early retinopathy treatment: bioactive herbal compounds, polymer delivery systems, and computational bioprospecting of functional targets.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Review
- In Vivo Comparison of Intracameral and Intravitreal Implantation of a Timolol Maleate Miniaturized Injectable Delivery System Device.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Advances in the management of ocular anterior segment diseases using biomaterials-based drug delivery systems.Journal of biomaterials applications · 2026Review
- Biodegradable Contact Lenses for Targeted Ocular Drug Delivery: Recent Advances, Clinical Applications, and Translational Perspectives.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Advanced drug delivery systems for the management of local conditions.Therapeutic delivery · 2025Review
- Review
- Trends in Photopolymerization 3D Printing for Advanced Drug Delivery Applications.Biomacromolecules · 2025Review
- 3D Bioprinting of Cellular Therapeutic Systems in Ophthalmology: from Bioengineered Tissue to Personalized Drug Delivery.Current ophthalmology reports · 2025Review
- Effect of wound dressing porosity and exudate viscosity on the exudate absorption:International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2024Article
- Advancements in Ocular Therapy: A Review of Emerging Drug Delivery Approaches and Pharmaceutical Technologies.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Research progress of photo-crosslink hydrogels in ophthalmology: A comprehensive review focus on the applications.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Clopidogrel-loaded vascular grafts prepared using digital light processing 3D printing.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems: An Important Direction for Drug Innovation Research and Development.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Towards Precision Ophthalmology: The Role of 3D Printing and Bioprinting in Oculoplastic Surgery, Retinal, Corneal, and Glaucoma Treatment.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Ocular drug delivery systems: glaucoma patient perceptions from a German university hospital eye clinic.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Overview of processed excipients in ocular drug delivery: Opportunities so far and bottlenecks.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Additive manufacturing technologies with emphasis on stereolithography 3D printing in pharmaceutical and medical applications: A review.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2023Article
- Simultaneous fabrication of multiple tablets within seconds using tomographic volumetric 3D printing.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dry eye disease is a common ocular disorder that is characterised by tear deficiency or excessive tear evaporation. Current treatment involves the use of eye drops; however, therapeutic efficacy is limited because of poor ocular bioavailability of topically applied formulations. In this study, digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing was employed to develop dexamethasone-loaded punctal plugs. Punctal plugs with different drug loadings were fabricated using polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) to create a semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN). Drug-loaded punctal plugs were characterised in terms of physical characteristics (XRD and DSC), potential drug-photopolymer interactions (FTIR), drug release profile, and cytocompatibility. In vitro release kinetics of the punctal plugs were evaluated using an in-house flow rig model that mimics the subconjunctival space. The results showed sustained release of dexamethasone for up to 7 days from punctal plugs made with 20%
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.