ReviewPharmaceutics2021
A Comprehensive Insight into the Role of Exosomes in Viral Infection: Dual Faces Bearing Different Functions.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exosomal circRNA Transcriptome Analysis of Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells UnderAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles: From Biogenesis, Isolation and Molecular Characterization to Addressing Translational Gaps and Regulatory Barriers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Hijacking exosome biogenesis: viral glycoproteins as modular scaffolds for engineering functionalized extracellular vesicles.Nanoscale · 2026Article
- SHIV.D Infection Alters Production and Protein Composition of Myeloid-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Exosomes in cerebrospinal fluid as biomarkers of bacterial infections of the central nervous system: a pilot study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Principles and regulatory pathways of exosome-based products in wound healing: Insights from the Iranian Food and Drug Administration guideline.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles in Emerging Cancer Vaccine Platforms.Small science · 2025Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Their Impact on the Design of Custom EVs.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Adapted Exosomes for Addressing Chemotherapy-induced Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2025Article
- Cell-Autonomous and Non-Cell-Autonomous Antiviral Immunity via siRNA-Directed RNAi inImmune discovery · 2025Article
- Viruses and neurodegeneration: a growing concern.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Comparison of the Characteristics of Circulating Small Extracellular Vesicles Isolated by Ultracentrifugation and a Commercial Kit.Recent patents on biotechnology · 2025Article
- Advancing functional foods: a systematic analysis of plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles and their health-promoting properties.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Exosomes: intriguing mediators of intercellular communication in the organism's response to noxious agents.Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2024Review
- Therapeutic potential of RNA-enriched extracellular vesicles: The next generation in RNA delivery via biogenic nanoparticles.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Review
- Quality and Safety Considerations for Therapeutic Products Based on Extracellular Vesicles.Pharmaceutical research · 2024Review
- A Comparative Analysis of Naïve Exosomes and Enhanced Exosomes with a Focus on the Treatment Potential in Ovarian Disorders.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Dissemination of the Flavivirus Subgenomic Replicon Genome and Viral Proteins by Extracellular Vesicles.Viruses · 2024Article
- Extracellular Vesicles: The Invisible Heroes and Villains of COVID-19 Central Neuropathology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- A state-of-the-art review of the recent advances in exosome isolation and detection methods in viral infection.Virology journal · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) subtype, exosome is an extracellular nano-vesicle that sheds from cells' surface and originates as intraluminal vesicles during endocytosis. Firstly, it was thought to be a way for the cell to get rid of unwanted materials as it loaded selectively with a variety of cellular molecules, including RNAs, proteins, and lipids. However, it has been found to play a crucial role in several biological processes such as immune modulation, cellular communication, and their role as vehicles to transport biologically active molecules. The latest discoveries have revealed that many viruses export their viral elements within cellular factors using exosomes. Hijacking the exosomal pathway by viruses influences downstream processes such as viral propagation and cellular immunity and modulates the cellular microenvironment. In this manuscript, we reviewed exosomes biogenesis and their role in the immune response to viral infection. In addition, we provided a summary of how some pathogenic viruses hijacked this normal physiological process. Viral components are harbored in exosomes and the role of these exosomes in viral infection is discussed. Understanding the nature of exosomes and their role in viral infections is fundamental for future development for them to be used as a vaccine or as a non-classical therapeutic strategy to control several viral infections.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.