ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2021
Ambulatory COVID-19 Patients Treated with Lactoferrin as a Supplementary Antiviral Agent: A Preliminary Study.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of bovine dairy products and their components on the incidence and natural history of infection: a systematic literature review.Nutrition journal · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Lactoferrin on Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: The LAC Randomized Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Whey Proteins and Immunity: Mechanisms Underlying Immune System Reinforcement and Protection Against Viral and Bacterial Infections.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Oral lactoferrin reduces systemic inflammation, enhances anti-viral responses and modulates immune cell profiles: a randomised controlled trial in healthy, older adults.The British journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- The Role of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Pathogenesis, and Antiviral Interventions.Journal of medical virology · 2025Review
- Review
- Lactoferrin as a Versatile Agent in Nanoparticle Applications: From Therapeutics to Agriculture.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Lactoferrin Supplementation in Preventing and Protecting from SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Is There Any Role in General and Special Populations? An Updated Review of Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Assessment of Supplementation with Different Biomolecules in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Colostrum Lactoferrin Following Active and Recovered SARS-CoV-2 Infections during Pregnancy.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- A common regulatory haplotype doubles lactoferrin concentration in milk.Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE · 2024Article
- Vitamin D Supplementation in Neonatal and Infant MIS-C Following COVID-19 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Lactoferrin in the Prevention of Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Preschool Children: A Prospective Randomized Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- To Boost or to Reset: The Role of Lactoferrin in Energy Metabolism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Lactoferrin, the Moonlighting Protein of Innate Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Sigma Receptor Ligands Prevent COVID Mortality In Vivo: Implications for Future Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- A systematic review: The relationship of COVID-19 to iron, zinc, and vitamin D.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Vero Cells by Bovine Lactoferrin under Different Iron-Saturation States.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Hen egg white bovine colostrum supplement reduces symptoms of mild/moderate COVID-19: a randomized control trial.Future science OA · 2023Article
- An overview on in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity of lactoferrin: its efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus causing COVID-19, exerts morbidity and mortality especially in elderly, obese individuals and those suffering from chronic conditions. In addition to the availability of vaccines and the limited efficacy of the first dose of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants, there is an urgent requirement for the discovery and development of supplementary antiviral agents. Lactoferrin (Lf), a pleiotropic cationic glycoprotein of innate immunity, has been proposed as a safe treatment combined with other therapies in COVID-19 patients. Here, we present a small retrospective study on asymptomatic, paucisymptomatic, and moderate symptomatic COVID-19 Lf-treated versus Lf-untreated patients. The time required to achieve SARS-CoV-2 RNA negativization in Lf-treated patients (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.