Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34575283›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2021

IL-15 Is Overexpressed in γδ T Cells and Correlates with Disease Severity in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

Michał K Zarobkiewicz, Wioleta Kowalska, Izabela Morawska, Paweł Halczuk, Konrad Rejdak, Agnieszka Bojarska-Junak

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 49% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Immunotherapy-induced vitiligo and demyelinating plaques: a case report suggesting a neurocutaneous mechanism.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Article
  3. Interleukin 15 and autoimmune disorders: pathophysiology, therapeutic potential, and clinical implications.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Michał K ZarobkiewiczDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-0788-6353
Wioleta KowalskaDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-0930-5874
Izabela MorawskaDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-9462-8779
Paweł HalczukDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
Konrad RejdakDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
Agnieszka Bojarska-JunakDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-2340-9442
Medical University of Lublin · PL

Funding

Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie WFS21/2017
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). An animal study revealed a distinct subset of IL-15-producing γδ T cells that correlate with disease severity. The aim of the current study was to test whether such a subset is also present in humans and its importance for the pathogenesis of MS. The peripheral blood from 29 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (including 6 relapses) and 22 controls was stained with monoclonal antibodies and analyzed with flow cytometry. The existence of IL-15+ γδ T cells was confirmed. Moreover, the percentage of IL-15+ γδ T is significantly increased in MS patients and correlates with disease severity. Nevertheless, additional functional studies are needed to fully understand the importance of those cells in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis.

Indexed as

IL-15MSmultiple sclerosisγδ T cells

Identifiers

PMID34575283
PMCPMC8467081
OpenAlexW3200564768

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.