Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34575085›Full record

ReviewLife (Basel, Switzerland)2021

The Epidemiology and Global Burden of Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review.

Hazrina Ab Hadi, Aine Inani Tarmizi, Kamarul Ariffin Khalid, Márió Gajdács, Adeel Aslam, Shazia Jamshed

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
94citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
28.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

94 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 193 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Frontiers in immunology · 2026
    Article
  9. Contribution of Immune Responses toJournal of inflammation research · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. The mRNA levels ofPostepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2026
    Article
  12. Genome-wide cross-trait analysis of heterogeneous outcomes in early life atopic dermatitis.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025
    Article
  13. Targeting Pollutants in the Treatment and Prevention of Atopic Dermatitis.Immunology and allergy clinics of North America · 2025
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Knowledge assessment tools in atopic dermatitis patient education: a scoping review.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2025
    Review

34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Hazrina Ab HadiDermatopharmaceutics Research Group, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0001-8132-3773
Aine Inani TarmiziFaculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.
Kamarul Ariffin KhalidFaculty of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.
Márió GajdácsDepartment of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos körút 63, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0003-1270-0365
Adeel AslamDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-3436-1467
Shazia JamshedClinical Pharmacy and Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut 22200, Terengganu, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0003-0773-0463
International Islamic University Malaysia · MYSemmelweis University · HUSultan Zainal Abidin University · MY

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The global epidemiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) in the current decade (2009-2019) has not been extensively reported. Epidemiological studies play an important role in presenting the risk factors of AD, as detailed prevalence and incidence data could demonstrate the burden of disease in the population of adults, adolescents, and children in different geographical regions. Thus, the primary objective of this review was to assess and summarize the epidemiological studies of the prevalence and incidence of AD in different age groups, focusing on data from studies published for 2009 to 2019. After a thorough literature search, six countries were identified from African, Asian, and European regions respectively, who published studies on AD. In contrast, only two studies were identified from Australia and New Zealand, three countries from North America and two from South America published AD studies, respectively. The highest prevalence of AD from included studies was noted among Swedish children with 34%, while the lowest prevalence was in Tunisian children with 0.65%; studies reporting incidence data were far less numerous. A common trend in the prevalence of AD was that children would have a higher prevalence as compared to adolescents and adults. The severity and morbidity of the disease showed variance with age, sex, socioeconomic characteristics, geographical location, and ethnicity. Environmental factors played an important role as causative agents in AD. The risk factors that were proven to cause and induce AD were skin barrier impairments due to FLG mutation, changes in the environment, and diet. FLG mutation may impair the skin barrier function by disruption of pH and hydration maintenance of the skin. Lastly, there were only a few studies on the incidence of AD in the 21st century. Therefore, epidemiological studies on childhood and adulthood AD in different continents are still needed, especially on the incidence of AD during adulthood.

Indexed as

atopic dermatitisatopic eczemaepidemiologyfilaggrinimmune dysregulationincidenceprevalencerisk factors

Identifiers

PMID34575085
PMCPMC8470589
OpenAlexW3197450259

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.