ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Domestic Work, Self-Reported Diagnosed Depression and Related Costs among Women and Men-Results from a Population-Based Study in Sweden.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05619601 (Gender Differences in Prevention Strategies and Therapeutic Adherence After Acute Myocardial Infarction - GENAMI PREVENTION), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Gender Differences in Prevention Strategies and Therapeutic Adherence After Acute Myocardial Infarction - GENAMI PREVENTION
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex and Gender Aspects in New-Onset Heart Failure Prognosis: A Review of Recent Advances.Current heart failure reports · 2025Review
- The contribution of unpaid labour to poor mental health in the Swedish working population.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Sex-specific socioeconomic risk factors for spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage-a case-control study during the 5 years before ictus.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Domestic Factors as Determinant of Sickness Absence with Psychiatric Disorders: A Scoping Review of Nordic Research Published between 2010-2019.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- The Association between Time Spent in Domestic Work and Mental Health among Women and Men.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn contrast to paid work, few studies have investigated the association between unpaid domestic work and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between domestic work and self-reported diagnosed depression and to estimate related costs in a general population.
methodThe study is based on women (N = 7981) and men (N = 6203) aged 30-69 years who responded to a survey questionnaire in Mid-Sweden in 2017 (overall response rate 43%). Multivariate logistic regression models, adjusting for age group, educational level, family status, employment status, economic difficulties, and social support, were used to study the association between domestic work and depression. The estimation of direct and indirect costs was based on the calculation of population attributable risks, the literature, and administrative data.
resultsIn total, 25% of the women and 14% of the men spent more than 20 h a week on domestic work, and 57% of the women and 39% of the men experienced domestic work sometimes or more often as burdensome. A strong independent association between experiencing domestic work as burdensome and depression was observed both in women and men. The total cost of depression possibly related to burdensome domestic work was estimated up to EUR 135.1 million (min EUR 20.7 million-max EUR 21.4 billion) of the total EUR 286.4 million per year in Mid-Sweden.
conclusionsThe association between experiencing domestic work as burdensome and depression was strong among both women and men and was not restricted to employed persons or to parents with children. Even though the cross-sectional design does not allow one to assess the direction of the association between domestic work and depression, and longitudinal studies are needed, the results imply that strain in domestic work should be taken into account when considering factors that contribute to the prevalence of depression in the general population and its high societal costs.
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Registered trials
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