ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
The Association between Use of Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Nationwide Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of midazolam co-administered with oxycodone on ventilation: a randomised clinical trial in healthy volunteers.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Trial
- Effect of lemborexant on insomnia severity, morning alertness, and cognition in participants with insomnia disorder and mild obstructive sleep apnea.Sleep medicine: X · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Urogynecological Patients with Overactive Bladder.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Rational Use of Benzodiazepines in Modern Healthcare: Evidence-Based Strategies.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The incidence and clinical variables associated with new and new persistent benzodiazepine use after admission to internal medicine: a retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Advances in Non-CPAP Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Spotlight on Pharmacological Therapies.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Z-Drug Use and All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Cohort Studies.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
- Decreasing Preoperative Anxiety in Patients with Newly Available Multimodal Approaches-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Respiratory Arousal Threshold in Patients with Epilepsy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Article
- Effect of sleep quality on weaning from mechanical ventilation: A scoping review.Journal of critical care medicine (Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie din Targu-Mures) · 2025Review
- Total Joint Arthroplasty and Sleep: The State of the Evidence.Arthroplasty today · 2024Article
- Approach the Patient With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Serum C-reactive protein level and sleep characteristics in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome comorbid with panic disorder: a preliminary study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Intravenous ketamine for benzodiazepine deprescription and withdrawal management in treatment-resistant depression: a preliminary report.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse. Benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZRAs) are associated with pharyngeal muscle relaxation, increased apnea duration, and hypoxia, which might worsen OSA. This study aimed to examine the association between the use of BZRAs and the risk of OSA. The study was conducted using data from the National Health Insurance Database of Taiwan between 2002 and 2011. We only included new users who were never exposed to any BZRAs and identified 1848 participants with OSA, and 1848 matched controls. A logistic regression model was used to determine the association between the use of BZRAs and the development of OSA. BZRA exposure was divided into usage patterns, dosage, duration, and pharmacokinetic class. We found an increased risk of OSA in current users and recent past users compared with distant past users. Patients with a higher cumulative dose of BZRAs were more likely to develop OSA compared to those with a lower cumulative dose. We found an increased risk of OSA in patients treated with BZRAs, especially for current users and those with higher cumulative doses. A reduced risk of OSA was found in Z-drug users compared with benzodiazepine users.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.