Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34574500›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

From Burden to Depressive Symptoms in Informal Caregivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Path Analysis.

Tatjana Rajovic, Natasa Todorovic, Milutin Vracevic, Nina Rajovic, Andrija Pavlovic, Vedrana Pavlovic, Igor Grbic, Rosa Sapic, Slavica Krsmanovic, Marijana Vukmirovic and 5 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. From Sarcopenia to Depressive Symptoms in Elderly: A Path Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Tatjana RajovicInstitute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Natasa TodorovicRed Cross of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Milutin VracevicRed Cross of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Nina RajovicInstitute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.ORCID 0000-0002-8509-0329
Andrija PavlovicDepartment of Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Vedrana PavlovicInstitute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Igor GrbicDepartment for Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia.
Rosa SapicDepartment of Occupational Therapy, College for Social Work, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Slavica KrsmanovicMedical School, Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Marijana VukmirovicCenter for Informatics and Biostatistics Belgrade, Public Health Institute, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Tamara StanisavljevicFaculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Ksenija MarkovicFaculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Tanja MosticDepartment of Anesthesiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Dejana StanisavljevicInstitute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Natasa MilicInstitute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
University of Belgrade · RSCentar za Promociju Nauke · RSInstitute of Public Health of Serbia · RSMayo Clinic · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe objective of this study was to assess the complex relationship between the multiple determinants of the caregiving process, the caregiver burden, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia.

methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on a nationally representative sample (n = 798) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia from March to September 2020. A nine-section questionnaire designed for this study included the characteristics of caregivers, characteristics of care and care recipients, COVID-19 related questions, and the following standardized instruments: 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey, Fatigue Severity Scale, Activities of Daily Living Scale and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory. Path analysis was used for the simultaneous assessment of the direct and indirect relationships of all determinants.

resultsMore than two thirds (71.9%) of informal caregivers experienced a burden, and more than one quarter (27.1%) had depression symptomatology. Self-rated physical health, need for psychosocial support, and caregiver burden were the main direct predictors of depression. Multiple determinants of the caregiving process had indirect effects on depressive symptomatology via the caregiver burden as a mediating factor.

conclusionsThe subjective burden presented a significant risk factor for depressive symptoms in caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The provision of psychosocial support was identified as an important opportunity to reduce depressive risk in informal caregivers.

Indexed as

COVID-19DepressionActivities of Daily LivingCaregiversCost of IllnessCross-Sectional StudiesHumansPandemicsSARS-CoV-2burdendepressioninformal caregivermental healthpath analysispsychosocial supportthe COVID-19

Identifiers

PMID34574500
PMCPMC8468340
OpenAlexW3200410249

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.