ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Association of Upper Lip Morphology Characteristics with Sagittal and Vertical Skeletal Patterns: A Cross Sectional Study.
Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Correlation Between Lip Prominence and Orthodontic Incisor Repositioning Within an Aesthetic Triangle Framework.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Upper lip elevation in autonomous maximal smile: A three-dimensional facial imaging study.Korean journal of orthodontics · 2026Article
- Relationship of sagittal skeletal patterns with the nasal morphology in Iranian orthodontic patients.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Cephalometric features associated with the mentolabial angle and lower lip eversion in young adults: A cross-sectional study.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2025Article
- Expert consensus on orthodontic treatment of protrusive facial deformities.International journal of oral science · 2025Review
- Comparison of facial soft tissue thickness, pharyngeal airway widths in different skeletal Patterns.Dental press journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
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- Association of Body Mass Index (BMI) with Lip Morphology Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Chinese Population.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Retrospective Study Comparing Nose, Lip, and Chin Morphology in Class I, Class II, and Class III Skeletal Relationships in Patients Visiting to the Department of Orthodontics, BPKIHS: A Cephalometric Study.International journal of dentistry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUpper lip morphology is essential in diagnosis and treatment of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. This study is aimed to evaluate the association between upper lip characteristics (ULCs) and skeletal patterns (SPs).
methods2079 patients were involved and grouped by sagittal and vertical. Class I, II, and III were identified by ANB angle, while normodivergent, hyperdivergent, and hypodivergent were identified by Facial Height Index and Sum of Angles. ULCs were evaluated by superior sulcus depth, nasolabial angle, upper lip length, basic upper lip thickness, and upper lip thickness. Confounders including demography, malocclusion, upper incisors, and upper lips were adjusted by multivariate linear regression to identify the association between ULCs and SPs. Group differences were evaluated with analysis of variance and Chi-square test.
resultsThe mean value of ULCs and prevalence of SPs were explored in the Western China population. ULCs were significantly different in various sagittal, vertical, and combined SPs. Superior sulcus depth was negatively related to Class II, and positively related to Class III and the hypodivergent pattern after adjusted by confounders.
conclusionsULCs significantly varied among different SPs, while only superior sulcus depth was independently associated with SPs, indicating superior sulcus depth is the only ULC that might be significantly corrected by intervention of skeletal growth.
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