Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34573241›Full record

ArticleBrain sciences2021

RETRACTED: The Impact of COVID-19 on Cognitive Development and Executive Functioning in Adolescents: A First Exploratory Investigation.

Alessandro Frolli, Maria Carla Ricci, Francesca Di Carmine, Agnese Lombardi, Antonia Bosco, Emilio Saviano, Luisa Franzese

RetractedOpen access · goldAbstract readRetracted Publication
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Brain sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Alessandro FrolliDisability Research Centre, University of International Studies in Rome, 00147 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2784-2887
Maria Carla RicciDisability Research Centre, University of International Studies in Rome, 00147 Rome, Italy.
Francesca Di CarmineDisability Research Centre, University of International Studies in Rome, 00147 Rome, Italy.
Agnese LombardiDisability Research Centre, University of International Studies in Rome, 00147 Rome, Italy.
Antonia BoscoDisability Research Centre, University of International Studies in Rome, 00147 Rome, Italy.
Emilio SavianoFINDS-Italian Neuroscience and Developmental Disorders Foundation, 81040 Caserta, Italy.
Luisa FranzeseRegional School Office, 80133 Napoli, Italy.
Università degli Studi Internazionali di Roma · ITRegione Campania · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe rapid expansion and severity of the COVID-19 contagion has had negative physical and psychological health implications for millions of people around the world, but even more so among children and adolescents. Given the severity of the situation and the small number of studies on the direct influence of viral infection on the cognitive development within adolescents, the present study aims at understanding the consequences of contracting the virus and being hospitalized in relation to cognitive functioning, in particular, for executive functioning, among adolescents.

methodsTo all subjects included in the sample, divided into four groups based on the severity of the COVID-19 infection, were administered the WISC-IV in order to evaluate the global cognitive functioning, and subsequently, the subtests Courses and Tower of London (ToL), both part of the BVN 12-18, were administered for the evaluation of executive operation.

resultsOur analyses showed that between subjects who did not contract the viral infection and those who contracted it in an asymptomatic form, there are no significant differences in cognitive functioning, but only in executive functioning. Furthermore, in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized subjects, we found lower scores especially for WM skills, while IQ scores are in a medium range.

conclusionthe present study shows that contracting the viral infection and, thus, being hospitalized, caused greater problems and difficulties as compared to those who were not hospitalized, impacting global cognitive (and executive) functioning, especially the WM. We believe that these results could allow an early detection of alterations in cognitive and executive functioning, a fundamental aspect of the interventions that occur in evolutionary phases such as those related to pre-adolescence, allowing, therefore, the activation of functional recovery pathways in a short time.

Indexed as

adolescentscognitive functioningCOVID-19executive functioninghospitalizationworking memory

Identifiers

PMID34573241
PMCPMC8472250
OpenAlexW3199921068

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.