Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34573192›Full record

ReviewBrain sciences2021

Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, and Stress among Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Naiara Ozamiz-Etxebarria, Nahia Idoiaga Mondragon, Juan Bueno-Notivol, María Pérez-Moreno, Javier Santabárbara

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Brain sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
30.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 245 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Prevalence of Burnout among Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Pooled it
  4. PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) in Teachers: A Mini Meta-Analysis during COVID-19.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Prevalence of Anxiety in Dental Students during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Pooled it
  8. Article
  9. Educating during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Educator Perspective on Mental Health.Disaster medicine and public health preparedness · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
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  13. Psychosocial Risk Factors and Burnout Among Teachers: Can Emotional Intelligence Make a Difference?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
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19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Naiara Ozamiz-EtxebarriaDepartment of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-4594-1480
Nahia Idoiaga MondragonDepartment of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0345-8570
Juan Bueno-NotivolPsychiatry Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
María Pérez-MorenoPharmacy Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
Javier SantabárbaraDepartment of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7297-6104
Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet · ESUniversity of the Basque Country · ESUniversidad de Zaragoza · ES

Funding

KideOn Research Group of the Basque Government, Ref.: IT1342-19 (A category)R + d + i Projects Research Challenges of the Ministry of Economy, Science and Innovation PID2020-119011RB-100 EDU
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSince the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers have been accumulating adverse psychological symptoms due to the closure of educational centers and the need to adapt to different teaching modalities.

methodsMedline and PubMed were searched for studies on the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and burn-out in teachers, published from 1 December 2019 to 15 June 2021.

resultsIn total, eight studies were included in this study. The results show that teachers report levels of anxiety (17%), depression (19%), and stress (30%). In Asia, there has been more anxiety compared to other continents. Overall, anxiety has been higher among teachers in schools compared to universities. However, stress levels have been higher among teachers in universities compared to schools. Statistically, there were no significant differences regarding gender and age in any of the symptoms.

conclusionsThe results suggest that teachers at different educational levels are experiencing adverse psychological symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic, and that anxiety levels vary between different countries. However, more international studies are needed to fully understand the impact of the pandemic on teachers' mental health.

Indexed as

anxietycountriesCOVID-19depressiongendermeta-analysisschoolstressteachersuniversity

Identifiers

PMID34573192
PMCPMC8468121
OpenAlexW3197112342

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.