ArticleBrain sciences2021
Brain-Immune Interactions as the Basis of Gulf War Illness: Clinical Assessment and Deployment Profile of 1990-1991 Gulf War Veterans in the Gulf War Illness Consortium (GWIC) Multisite Case-Control Study.
Article in Brain sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Effects of Jet Fuel Exposure on the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems: A Fit-for-Purpose Systematic Literature Review.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Observational and genetically-informed characterization of Gulf War Illness symptoms in 1990-1991 Gulf War deployed Veterans and non-deployed Gulf War Era Veterans.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Editorial: Brain dysfunction in Gulf War illness: pathophysiology and treatment.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Fatigue, interoplastic and nociplastic distress in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, Gulf War Illness, and chronic idiopathic fatigue.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Association of deployment characteristics and exposures with persistent ill health among 1990-1991 Gulf War veterans in the VA Million Veteran Program.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2024Article
- Comprehensive examination of resting state fMRI connectomics yields new insights into brain function deficits in Gulf War illness after accounting for heterogeneity in brain impairment across the ill veteran population.Neuroimage. Reports · 2024Article
- PON1 Status in Relation to Gulf War Illness: Evidence of Gene-Exposure Interactions from a Multisite Case-Control Study of 1990-1991 Gulf War Veterans.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Disentangling the effects of PTSD from Gulf War Illness in male veterans via a systems-wide analysis of immune cell, cytokine, and symptom measures.Military Medical Research · 2024Article
- Cognitive decrements in 1991 Gulf War veterans: associations with Gulf War illness and neurotoxicant exposures in the Boston Biorepository, Recruitment, and Integrative Network (BBRAIN) cohorts.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2023Article
- Mitochondrial impairment but not peripheral inflammation predicts greater Gulf War illness severity.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Pathophysiological basis and promise of experimental therapies for Gulf War Illness, a chronic neuropsychiatric syndrome in veterans.Psychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Examining the current health of Gulf War veterans with the veterans affairs frailty index.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in Gulf War veterans: a follow-up study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Association of Gulf War Illness with Characteristics in Deployed vs. Non-Deployed Gulf War Era Veterans in the Cooperative Studies Program 2006/Million Veteran Program 029 Cohort: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Advancing the Role of Neuroimmunity and Genetic Susceptibility in Gulf War Illness.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Health-Related Quality of Life by Gulf War Illness Case Status.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Association of Gulf War Illness-Related Symptoms with Military Exposures among 1990-1991 Gulf War Veterans Evaluated at the War-Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC).Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Sex-specific differences in plasma lipid profiles are associated with Gulf War Illness.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Boston biorepository, recruitment and integrative network (BBRAIN): A resource for the Gulf War Illness scientific community.Life sciences · 2021Article
- Associations of Immune Genetic Variability with Gulf War Illness in 1990-1991 Gulf War Veterans from the Gulf War Illness Consortium (GWIC) Multisite Case-Control Study.Brain sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The Boston University-based Gulf War Illness Consortium (GWIC) is a multidisciplinary initiative developed to provide detailed understanding of brain and immune alterations that underlie Gulf War illness (GWI), the persistent multisymptom disorder associated with military service in the 1990-1991 Gulf War. The core GWIC case-control clinical study conducted in-depth brain and immune evaluation of 269 Gulf War veterans (223 GWI cases, 46 controls) at three U.S. sites that included clinical assessments, brain imaging, neuropsychological testing, and analyses of a broad range of immune and immunogenetic parameters. GWI cases were similar to controls on most demographic, military, and deployment characteristics although on average were two years younger, with a higher proportion of enlisted personnel vs. officers. Results of physical evaluation and routine clinical lab tests were largely normal, with few differences between GWI cases and healthy controls. However, veterans with GWI scored significantly worse than controls on standardized assessments of general health, pain, fatigue, and sleep quality and had higher rates of diagnosed conditions that included hypertension, respiratory and sinus conditions, gastrointestinal conditions, and current or lifetime depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Among multiple deployment experiences/exposures reported by veterans, multivariable logistic regression identified just two significant GWI risk factors: extended use of skin pesticides in theater (adjusted OR = 3.25,
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