ReviewAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Male Disadvantage in Oxidative Stress-Associated Complications of Prematurity: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.
Review in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 0 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension: a Bayesian meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2025Pooled it
- Sex differences in the risk of retinopathy of prematurity: a systematic review, frequentist and Bayesian meta-analysis, and meta-regression.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2024Pooled it
- Association between Endotype of Prematurity and Mortality: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.Neonatology · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- The Establishment of a Simplified Clinical Scoring System for Neurodevelopmental Follow-Up and Its Application in Very Preterm Infants.Child: care, health and development · 2026Article
- Examining the role of biologic sex on kidney outcomes in preterm neonates: A secondary analysis of the PENUT/REPAIReD study.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Cognitive outcomes at preschool age in very preterm infants with normal MRI findings at term-equivalent age: identification of a vulnerable subgroup.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- The influence of fetal sex on preterm birth risk in gestational diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Sex, hormones, and lung health.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Patient characteristics, vital signs and tcpCOFrontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Longitudinal modelling of growth in neonates exposed to antenatal steroids to quantify associations with final height: a cohort study.Archives of disease in childhood · 2025Observational
- Spatial patterns and determinants of under-five mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: a spatial and multilevel analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Evaluating Health Financing Typologies Through Healthy Life Expectancy and Infant Mortality: Evidence from OECD Countries and Türkiye.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Reconsidering the male disadvantage in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: three exceptions.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Differences in the Secretome of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Post Hyperoxic Stress.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for 30-day Mortality in Patients with Surgically Treated Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.European journal of pediatric surgery : official journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery ... [et al] = Zeitschrift fur Kinderchirurgie · 2025Article
- Addressing Sex as a Biological Variable in Preclinical Models of Lung Disease: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- [Comparative analysis of clinical characteristics of term and preterm neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis undergoing surgery].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2025Article
- Impact of placental pathology on the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: The role of gestational age and sex.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Long-term health in individuals born preterm or with low birth weight: A cohort study.Pediatric research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A widely accepted concept is that boys are more susceptible than girls to oxidative stress-related complications of prematurity, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). We aimed to quantify the effect size of this male disadvantage by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies exploring the association between sex and complications of prematurity. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs were calculated by a random-effects model. Of 1365 potentially relevant studies, 41 met the inclusion criteria (625,680 infants). Male sex was associated with decreased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, fetal distress, and C-section, but increased risk of low Apgar score, intubation at birth, respiratory distress, surfactant use, pneumothorax, postnatal steroids, late onset sepsis, any NEC, NEC > stage 1 (RR 1.12, CI 1.06-1.18), any IVH, severe IVH (RR 1.28, CI 1.22-1.34), severe IVH or PVL, any BPD, moderate/severe BPD (RR 1.23, CI 1.18-1.27), severe ROP (RR 1.14, CI 1.07-1.22), and mortality (RR 1.23, CI 1.16-1.30). In conclusion, preterm boys have higher clinical instability and greater need for invasive interventions than preterm girls. This leads to a male disadvantage in mortality and short-term complications of prematurity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.