ReviewCancers2021
Adoptive NK Cell Therapy: A Promising Treatment Prospect for Metastatic Melanoma.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cellular immunotherapy in melanoma: the next frontier in cancer treatment.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Phenotypic alterations in the immune system and tolerance induction in tumor-draining lymph nodes.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- Inhibition of PD-L1/PD-1 Checkpoint Increases NK Cell-Mediated Killing of Melanoma Cells in the Presence of Interferon-Beta.Cancers · 2025Article
- Machine learning-based development of a cytotoxicity prediction model for NK cell therapy in cancers.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Immunotherapeutics in metastatic cancer management.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Advances and challenges in immunotherapy and molecular imaging for hepatocellular carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome After CAR T-Cell Therapy and Other Psychiatric Manifestations: A Review and Case Series.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and advance in immunotherapy in melanoma bone metastasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Determinants of resistance and response to melanoma therapy.Nature cancer · 2024Review
- Unraveling the dynamic mechanisms of natural killer cells in viral infections: insights and implications.Virology journal · 2024Review
- The nexus of natural killer cells and melanoma tumor microenvironment: crosstalk, chemotherapeutic potential, and innovative NK cell-based therapeutic strategies.Cancer cell international · 2023Review
- Article
- Targeting Potential of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Melanoma and Other Cancers.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Article
- iRGD-modified memory-like NK cells exhibit potent responses to hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Cell Immunotherapy against Melanoma: Clinical Trials Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Escape from NK cell tumor surveillance by NGFR-induced lipid remodeling in melanoma.Science advances · 2023Article
- Innovative breakthroughs facilitated by single-cell multi-omics: manipulating natural killer cell functionality correlates with a novel subcategory of melanoma cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- P2X7 receptor activation impairs antitumour activity of natural killer cells.British journal of pharmacology · 2023Article
- Anticancer traits of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)-Natural Killer (NK) cells as novel approaches for melanoma treatment.BMC cancer · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) represents a promising alternative approach for patients with treatment-resistant metastatic melanoma. Lately, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy have shown improved clinical outcome, compared to conventional chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Nevertheless, they are limited by immune escape of the tumor, cytokine release syndrome, and manufacturing challenges of autologous therapies. Conversely, the clinical use of Natural Killer (NK) cells has demonstrated a favorable clinical safety profile with minimal toxicities, providing an encouraging treatment alternative. Unlike T cells, NK cells are activated, amongst other mechanisms, by the downregulation of HLA class I molecules, thereby overcoming the hurdle of tumor immune escape. However, impairment of NK cell function has been observed in melanoma patients, resulting in deteriorated natural defense. To overcome this limitation, "activated" autologous or allogeneic NK cells have been infused into melanoma patients in early clinical trials, showing encouraging clinical benefit. Furthermore, as several NK cell-based therapeutics are being developed for different cancers, an emerging variety of approaches to increase migration and infiltration of adoptively transferred NK cells towards solid tumors is under preclinical investigation. These developments point to adoptive NK cell therapy as a highly promising treatment for metastatic melanoma in the future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.