ReviewCancers2021
3D Cancer Models: Depicting Cellular Crosstalk within the Tumour Microenvironment.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unlocking the Potential of Spheroids in Personalized Medicine: A Systematic Review of Seeding Methodologies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Transmembrane lectins in cancer immunity: emerging drivers of myeloid-mediated immunosuppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Engineering Osteosarcoma In Vitro: From Traditional Models to Biofabricated Platforms for Precision Medicine.ACS omega · 2025Review
- Bioengineering facets of the tumor microenvironment in 3D tumor models: insights into cellular, biophysical and biochemical interactions.FEBS open bio · 2025Review
- Petiveria alliacea and Caesalpinia spinosa extracts reduce the generation of cancer-associated fibroblasts in a 3D platform representative of the tumor microenvironment.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Use of spheroids as a model to evaluate the anticancer action of animal venoms and derived molecules: 2010-2024 review.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2025Review
- From spheroids to organoids: next-generation models for CAR-T cell therapy research in solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- 3D keloid spheroid model: Development and application for personalized drug response prediction.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Multicompartmentalized Microvascularized Tumor-on-a-Chip to Study Tumor-Stroma Interactions and Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2024Article
- Tumoroids, a valid preclinical screening platform for monitoring cancer angiogenesis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Review
- Editorial: New advancement in tumor microenvironment remodeling and cancer therapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Three-DimensionalInternational journal of biological sciences · 2024Review
- Exploring the interaction between extracellular matrix components in a 3D organoid disease model to replicate the pathophysiology of breast cancer.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2023Review
- The Variety of 3D Breast Cancer Models for the Study of Tumor Physiology and Drug Screening.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement of Animal Experiments in Anticancer Drug Development: The Contribution of 3D In Vitro Cancer Models in the Drug Efficacy Assessment.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- New Frontiers in Three-Dimensional Culture Platforms to Improve Diabetes Research.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Influence of extracellular matrix composition on tumour cell behaviour in a biomimetic in vitro model for hepatocellular carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Optimizing culturing conditions in patient derived 3D primary slice cultures of head and neck cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- The utility of 3D models to study cholesterol in cancer: Insights and future perspectives.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Fibroblasts Impair Migration and Antitumor Activity of NK-92 Lymphocytes in a Melanoma-on-Chip Model.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment plays a critical role in tumour progression and drug resistance processes. Non-malignant cell players, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells and others, interact with each other and with the tumour cells, shaping the disease. Though the role of each cell type and cell communication mechanisms have been progressively studied, the complexity of this cellular network and its role in disease mechanism and therapeutic response are still being unveiled. Animal models have been mainly used, as they can represent systemic interactions and conditions, though they face recognized limitations in translational potential due to interspecies differences. In vitro 3D cancer models can surpass these limitations, by incorporating human cells, including patient-derived ones, and allowing a range of experimental designs with precise control of each tumour microenvironment element. We summarize the role of each tumour microenvironment component and review studies proposing 3D co-culture strategies of tumour cells and non-malignant cell components. Moreover, we discuss the potential of these modelling approaches to uncover potential therapeutic targets in the tumour microenvironment and assess therapeutic efficacy, current bottlenecks and perspectives.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.