ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2021
How Do We Determine the Efficacy of an Antibacterial Surface? A Review of Standardised Antibacterial Material Testing Methods.
Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative analysis of traditional and smart antibacterial textiles for wearable technology; a comprehensive review.RSC advances · 2026Review
- A New Sustainable Approach to Antibiotic Resistance: Development of bis-Quaternary Ammonium Salts From 2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-Triazine.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Development of Antimicrobial Coatings by Incorporating Curcumin and Silver-Based Additive into a Commercial Water-Based Paint.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Standardization and Comparability Gap in Evaluating Antibacterial Surfaces for Load-Bearing Orthopedic Implants: A Critical Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Data-Driven Engineering of Antimicrobial Nanomaterials for Food Safety and Biomedical Systems.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Antimicrobial Properties of Ti- and Zr-Based Nanotextured Thin Film Metallic Glasses AgainstBiomolecules · 2026Article
- Long-term effectiveness of titanium dioxide-silver composite coating in reducing healthcare-associated infections in chronic respiratory care wards: a controlled trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and biological properties ofJournal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2026Review
- Assessing antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal efficacy of non-porous materials using small droplet transfer: the simulated splash method.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Assessing non-porous antimicrobial surfaces against bacteria, phages and fungi: a comparative study under varied normative conditions using glass as a benchmark for microbial persistence.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Bacteriophage-Based Control of Methicillin-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Insights into the mechanisms of infection transmission via inanimate surfaces.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Current Developments in Antibacterial Nanoparticle-Based Dental Composite Materials: A Comprehensive Overview.International journal of dentistry · 2026Review
- Test parameter selection affects the perceived antibacterial efficacy of a contact-killing coating developed to prevent prosthetic joint infection.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Graphene Oxide (GO) Coating on Reticulated Open-Cell Mullite (ROM) Foams for Enhancing Antibacterial Activity.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Environmental factors and antimicrobial efficacy: the impact of temperature and humidity on material surfaces.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Antibacterial effects of bioactive restorative dental materials on Streptococcus mutans: An in vitro study using the direct contact test.The Saudi dental journal · 2025Article
- A novel and validated 3D-printed method for the consistent and reproducible dry transfer of microorganisms for the determination of antimicrobial surface efficacy.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Materials that confer antimicrobial activity, be that by innate property, leaching of biocides or design features (e.g., non-adhesive materials) continue to gain popularity to combat the increasing and varied threats from microorganisms, e.g., replacing inert surfaces in hospitals with copper. To understand how efficacious these materials are at controlling microorganisms, data is usually collected via a standardised test method. However, standardised test methods vary, and often the characteristics and methodological choices can make it difficult to infer that any perceived antimicrobial activity demonstrated in the laboratory can be confidently assumed to an end-use setting. This review provides a critical analysis of standardised methodology used in academia and industry, and demonstrates how many key methodological choices (e.g., temperature, humidity/moisture, airflow, surface topography) may impact efficacy assessment, highlighting the need to carefully consider intended antimicrobial end-use of any product.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.