ArticleBiomedicines2021
In Vitro Miniaturized Tuberculosis Spheroid Model.
Article in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methodology for a freshly engineered or cryo-preserved 3D tuberculoma bioplatform for studying tuberculosis biology and high-content screening of therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Modeling immune responses of cattle tomSphere · 2025Article
- Ferroptosis and iron metabolism drive fibroblast activation in silicosis: insights from a novel 3D lung matrix model.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
- Methods for Evaluating the Effects of 2D and 3D Culture Environment on Macrophage Response to Mycobacterium Infection.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- 3D spheroid model reveals enhanced efficacy of mannose-decorated nanoparticles for TB treatment.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- Applying 3D cultures and high-throughput technologies to study host-pathogen interactions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Experimental dissection of tuberculosis protective immunity: a human perspective.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Review
- Article
- In vitro modelling of bacterial pneumonia: a comparative analysis of widely applied complex cell culture models.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- [Characterization of a 3-dimensional tuberculosis spheroid model constructed using human monocytic THP-1 cells andNan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2023Article
- Initial immune response after exposure toFrontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Strategies to capitalize on cell spheroid therapeutic potential for tissue repair and disease modeling.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health concern that impacts 10 million people around the world. Current in vitro models are low throughput and/or lack caseation, which impairs drug effectiveness in humans. Here, we report the generation of THP-1 human monocyte/macrophage spheroids housing mycobacteria (TB spheroids). These TB spheroids have a central core of dead cells co-localized with mycobacteria and are hypoxic. TB spheroids exhibit higher levels of pro-inflammatory factor TNFα and growth factors G-CSF and VEGF when compared to non-infected control. TB spheroids show high levels of lipid deposition, characterized by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. TB spheroids infected with strains of differential virulence,
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.