ArticleBiomedicines2021
Immunological Status of Bladder Cancer Patients Based on Urine Leukocyte Composition at Radical Cystectomy.
Article in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urine PD-L1 as a non-invasive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in bladder cancer.Advances in biomarker sciences and technology · 2025Article
- Association between the Immunophenotype of Peripheral Blood from mCRPC Patients and the Outcomes of Radium-223 Treatment.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBladder cancer (BC) is the ninth most common malignancy worldwide, with high rates of recurrence. The use of urine leukocyte composition at the time of radical cystectomy (RC) as a marker for the study of patients' immunological status and to predict the recurrence of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) has received little attention.
methodsUrine and matched peripheral blood samples were collected from 24 MIBC patients at the time of RC. Leukocyte composition and expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 in each subpopulation were determined by flow cytometry.
resultsAll MIBC patients had leukocytes in urine. There were different proportions of leukocyte subpopulations. The expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 on each subpopulation differed between patients. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), smoking status, and the affectation of lymph nodes influenced urine composition. We observed a link between leukocytes in urine and blood circulation. Recurrent patients without NAC and with no affectation of lymph nodes had a higher proportion of lymphocytes, macrophages, and PD-L1+ neutrophils in urine than non-recurrent patients.
conclusionsUrine leukocyte composition may be a useful tool for analyzing the immunological status of MIBC patients. Urine cellular composition allowed us to identify a new subgroup of LN- patients with a higher risk of recurrence.
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