ReviewBiomedicines2021
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer: Challenges and Future Prospects.
Review in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heating the Cold: Overcoming Immunotherapy Resistance in Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring risk factors for endocrine-related immune-related adverse events: Insights from meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- Virtual clinical trials of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma using a quantitative systems pharmacology model.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Trial
- Decoding the Apical-Basal Surfaceome of Colon Epithelial Cells via Side-Selective Biotinylation.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Investigating the expression of CTLA-4 and CD28 genes as immune regulators in patients with colorectal polyps.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Potential treatment benefits of a GLP-1R antagonist in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Integrative bioinformatics and machine learning approaches identify novel diagnostic signatures for oxaliplatin-resistant colorectal cancer.International journal of colorectal disease · 2026Article
- Nanomedicine delivery systems remodel the immunosuppressive microenvironment of colorectal cancer: synergistic strategies and mechanisms of targeted immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Colorectal Cancer Progression and Bone Metastasis: Molecular Mechanisms, Tumor Microenvironment, and Tumor-Bone Crosstalk.Cancer management and research · 2026Review
- Lypd6b depletion promotes CD8Nature communications · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint blocking in cancer therapy using thermosensitive hydrogels: a review.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Identification of a novel ferroptosis-induced immunogenic cell death related signature based on a machine learning framework in colorectal cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Colorectal Cancer Vaccines: Emerging Modalities and Translational Opportunities.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Focus on PD-1/PD-L1-Targeting Antibodies in Colorectal Cancer: Are There Options Beyond Dostarlimab, Nivolumab, and Pembrolizumab? A Comprehensive Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Butyrate confers colorectal cancer cell resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy by promoting CPT1A-mediated fatty acid oxidation.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Signature Gene Mutations in Colorectal Cancer: Potential Neoantigens for Cancer Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A literature review of recent advances in gastric cancer treatment: exploring the cross-talk between targeted therapies.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Targeting colorectal cancer with hesperidin and hesperetin: a comprehensive review of antiproliferative activity, chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a new pillar of cancer therapy that provides novel opportunities to treat solid tumors. In this context, the development of new drugs targeting immune checkpoints is considered a promising approach in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment because it can be induce specific and durable anti-cancer effects. Despite many advances in the immunotherapy of CRC, there are still limitations and obstacles to successful treatment. The immunosuppressive function of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is one of the causes of poor response to treatment in CRC patients. For this reason, checkpoint-blocking antibodies have shown promising outcomes in CRC patients by blocking inhibitory immune checkpoints and enhancing immune responses against tumors. This review summarizes recent advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1, LAG-3, and TIM-3 in CRC, and it discusses various therapeutic strategies with ICIs, including the double blockade of ICIs, combination therapy of ICIs with other immunotherapies, and conventional treatments. This review also delineates a new hopeful path in the combination of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 with other ICIs such as anti-CTLA-4, anti-LAG-3, and anti-TIM-3 for CRC treatment.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.