ArticleCells2021
Betulinic Acid Protects from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Mouse Retina.
Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Betulinic Acid Promotes Motor Function Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting Apoptosis Through Myc/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Multitarget Actions of Pentacyclic Triterpenic Acids in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanistic Insights.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Acute Ocular Hypertension Diminishes Flicker-Induced Enhancement in Retinal Blood Flow and Full-Field Electroretinogram in a Mouse Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Targeting SOD3-Mediated Oxidative Stress with Betulonic Acid Protects Against Steroid-Induced Femoral Head Necrosis.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Sunitinib's Effect on Bilateral Optic Nerve Damage in Rats Following the Unilateral Clamping and Unclamping of the Common Carotid Artery.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Diabetic Retinopathy: New Treatment Approaches Targeting Redox and Immune Mechanisms.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Glaucoma Animal Models beyond Chronic IOP Increase.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Effect of PCI on ophthalmic artery hemodynamics in patients with acute coronary syndrome.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Oxidative stress in the eye and its role in the pathophysiology of ocular diseases.Redox biology · 2023Review
- Oxidative Stress: A Suitable Therapeutic Target for Optic Nerve Diseases?Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effects of Resveratrol on Vascular Function in Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Mechanism of LSD1 in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced pyroptosis of retinal ganglion cells via the miR-21-5p/NLRP12 axis.BMC neuroscience · 2022Article
- Pregabalin Mediates Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival From Retinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Via the Akt/GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Inhibiting multiple forms of cell death optimizes ganglion cells survival after retinal ischemia reperfusion injury.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide Regulation of Autophagy in Liver Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Methods to measure blood flow and vascular reactivity in the retina.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) events are involved in the pathophysiology of numerous ocular diseases. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that betulinic acid protects from I/R injury in the mouse retina. Ocular ischemia was induced in mice by increasing intraocular pressure (IOP) to 110 mm Hg for 45 min, while the fellow eye served as a control. One group of mice received betulinic acid (50 mg/kg/day p.o. once daily) and the other group received the vehicle solution only. Eight days after the I/R event, the animals were killed and the retinal wholemounts and optic nerve cross-sections were prepared and stained with cresyl blue or toluidine blue, respectively, to count cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the retina and axons in the optic nerve. Retinal arteriole responses were measured in isolated retinas by video microscopy. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed in retinal cryosections and redox gene expression was determined in isolated retinas by quantitative PCR. I/R markedly reduced cell number in the GCL and axon number in the optic nerve of the vehicle-treated mice. In contrast, only a negligible reduction in cell and axon number was observed following I/R in the betulinic acid-treated mice. Endothelial function was markedly reduced and ROS levels were increased in retinal arterioles of vehicle-exposed eyes following I/R, whereas betulinic acid partially prevented vascular endothelial dysfunction and ROS formation. Moreover, betulinic acid boosted mRNA expression for the antioxidant enzymes SOD3 and HO-1 following I/R. Our data provide evidence that betulinic acid protects from I/R injury in the mouse retina. Improvement of vascular endothelial function and the reduction in ROS levels appear to contribute to the neuroprotective effect.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.