ReviewCells2021
The Interplay between Glioblastoma and Its Microenvironment.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- High-grade gliomas with autoimmune encephalitis-like presentation: case report and systematic review of the literature.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Degradation fragments of Tau and type IV collagen as serum biomarkers in patients with recurrent glioblastoma treated with nivolumab and bevacizumab.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Trial
- Mimicking tumor hypoxia in a glioblastoma-on-a-chip.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Advances in Aptamer Drug Delivery Systems for Treatment of Glioblastoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Radiotherapy resistance in glioblastoma: Mechanistic insights and novel therapeutic approaches (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- Butyl and isobutyl ortho-coumaric acid derivatives reduce self-renewal and MGMT expression in GBM cells with stem cell-like characteristicsBiomolecules & biomedicine · 2026Article
- Construction of an actin cytoskeleton-related gene signature for predicting prognosis and therapeutic response in glioblastoma: based on machine learning.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Pharmacological modulation of CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 for brain disorders - an overview.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Decoding ferroptosis and apoptosis crosstalk in glioblastoma: molecular mechanisms, microenvironmental regulation, and therapeutic advances.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Chemoradiation of glioblastoma cells alters expression of activation and immune checkpoint molecules on type 1 and 2 dendritic cells and impacts on subsequent T cell proliferation.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Inhibiting macrophage-derived lactate transport restores cGAS-STING signalling and enhances antitumour immunity in glioblastoma.Nature cell biology · 2026Article
- Glioblastoma as a neuro-immune network disorder: rethinking the tumor microenvironment, neural circuit integration, and therapeutic resistance.Oncology reviews · 2026Review
- A spatiotemporal state-inference framework for adaptive immunotherapy in glioblastoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Disrupting PDGFRA-driven immune evasion in glioma: vaccine-based strategies on the horizon.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Chlorpromazine activates cGAS-STING signaling and reprograms the immune response in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Glioblastoma insights: Focus on crosstalk with the suppressive tumor microenvironment and advanced therapeutic strategies.Medicine · 2025Review
- Tumor and immune cell distribution in the tumor core and outer part of glioblastoma, IDH wildtype.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Unveiling the prognostic and immunological role of IFI44 in glioma.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Microglial Inflammatory Response in the Glioblastoma Microenvironment in Preclinical Models.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Dual aVß8 Integrin and PD-1 Blockade Overcomes TGFβ-Mediated B-Cell Suppression to Enhance Anti-Tumor Immunity.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
GBM is the most common primary brain tumor in adults, and the aggressive nature of this tumor contributes to its extremely poor prognosis. Over the years, the heterogeneous and adaptive nature of GBM has been highlighted as a major contributor to the poor efficacy of many treatments including various immunotherapies. The major challenge lies in understanding and manipulating the complex interplay among the different components within the tumor microenvironment (TME). This interplay varies not only by the type of cells interacting but also by their spatial distribution with the TME. This review highlights the various immune and non-immune components of the tumor microenvironment and their consequences of the efficacy of immunotherapies. Understanding the independent and interdependent aspects of the various sub-populations encapsulated by the immune and non-immune components will allow for more targeted therapies. Meanwhile, understanding how the TME creates and responds to different environmental pressures such as hypoxia may allow for other multimodal approaches in the treatment of GBM. Ultimately, a better understanding of the GBM TME will aid in the development and advancement of more effective treatments and in improving patient outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.