ReviewCells2021
Stem Cells and Exosomes: New Therapies for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic effects of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of species differences and delivery strategies.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Pooled it
- Structural changes of the multifidus in animal models of intervertebral disk degeneration: a systematic review.Frontiers in surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Angiogenic and Osteogenic Strategies for Skeletal Regeneration in Aging.Current osteoporosis reports · 2026Review
- HIF-2α induces aggravated intervertebral disc degeneration by activating the IL-6/hepcidin-FPN1 axis and promoting ferroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Research on the mechanism of Duhuo in treating intervertebral disc degeneration based on bioinformatics and network pharmacology.Medicine · 2026Article
- A Challenge-Oriented Review of Delivery Systems for Cell and Gene Therapies in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Application of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Review
- Bioinformatics analyses of a potential miRNA‒mRNA regulatory axis in lumbar degenerative disc disease.BMC medical genomics · 2026Article
- Aberrantly expressed long noncoding RNAs in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiation to nucleus pulposus-like cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Intervertebral disc degeneration.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Ultrasound-Triggered Gelation for Restoring Biomechanical Properties of Degenerated Functional Spinal Units.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal stem cell and exosome-based therapies for degenerative disc disease: from mechanisms to clinical translation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Targeting Inflammatory Cell Death: A Strategy for Discogenic Pain Relief.Journal of pain research · 2026Review
- The impact of garlic and its active metabolites on degenerative musculoskeletal diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- SPP1 in notochord cells modulates intervertebral disc degeneration through CD44 recognition by macrophages based on single-cell transcriptome analysis.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- Exosome-Based Cartilage-Targeted Delivery System: Strategies and Applications.Small science · 2026Review
- An Injectable AAm-DMAEMA/Alg-CaInternational journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Advanced hydrogel therapeutics for intervertebral disc degeneration: Engineering structural-functional properties in natural and synthetic biomaterials.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Review
- The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Musculoskeletal Diseases.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Review
- Exosome Therapy: A Promising Avenue for Treating Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2025Review
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) occurs as a result of an imbalance of the anabolic and catabolic processes in the intervertebral disc, leading to an alteration in the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM), loss of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, excessive oxidative stress and inflammation. Degeneration of the IVD occurs naturally with age, but mechanical trauma, lifestyle factors and certain genetic abnormalities can increase the likelihood of symptomatic disease progression. IVDD, often referred to as degenerative disc disease (DDD), poses an increasingly substantial financial burden due to the aging population and increasing incidence of obesity in the United States. Current treatments for IVDD include pharmacological and surgical interventions, but these lack the ability to stop the progression of disease and restore the functionality of the IVD. Biological therapies have been evaluated but show varying degrees of efficacy in reversing disc degeneration long-term. Stem cell-based therapies have shown promising results in the regeneration of the IVD, but face both biological and ethical limitations. Exosomes play an important role in intercellular communication, and stem cell-derived exosomes have been shown to maintain the therapeutic benefit of their origin cells without the associated risks. This review highlights the current state of research on the use of stem-cell derived exosomes in the treatment of IVDD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.