ArticleCells2021
Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper-Mediated TLR2 Downregulation Accounts for Reduced Neutrophil Activity Following Acute DEX Treatment.
Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral Blood Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Combined With Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio Assists in Identifying Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Activity and Lupus Nephritis.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Review
- Delirium in hospitalized COVID-19 patients is associated with dynamic changes in peripheral immune gene expression.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper as a context-dependent central integrator of innate and adaptive immune homeostasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptomic trajectories reveal dynamic regulation of inflammatory actors in delirium.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Impact of Psychological Stress-Derived Hormones and Cytokines on Immune Cell Profiles in Vitiligo: Toward Improved Peripheral Blood Simulation in Animal Models.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2025Review
- Hormonal interventions in skin wounds - a mini review.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Review
- Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper Protein and Yeast-Extracted Compound Alleviate Colitis and Reduce Fungal Dysbiosis.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Exploring the complex interplay: gut microbiome, stress, and leptospirosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Exploring the common mechanism of vascular dementia and inflammatory bowel disease: a bioinformatics-based study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Association of GILZ with MUC2, TLR2, and TLR4 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Melatonin, BAG-1 and cortisol circadian interactions in tumor pathogenesis and patterned immune responses.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are the most powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive pharmacological drugs available, despite their adverse effects. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a glucocorticoid-induced gene that shares several anti-inflammatory properties with glucocorticoids. Although immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids on neutrophils remain poorly understood, we previously demonstrated that GILZ suppresses neutrophil activation under glucocorticoid treatment. Here, we sought to explore the regulation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) on neutrophils and the associated GILZ involvement. Peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated from wild type and GILZ-knock-out (KO) mice. TLR2 was found to be downregulated by the in vivo administration of glucocorticoids in wild type but not in GILZ-KO neutrophils, suggesting the involvement of GILZ in TLR2 downregulation. Accordingly, the TLR2-associated anti-fungal activity of neutrophils was reduced by DEX treatment in wild type but not GILZ-KO neutrophils. Furthermore, GILZ did not interact with NF-κB but was found to bind with STAT5, a pivotal factor in the regulation of TLR2 expression. A similar modulation of TLR2 expression, impaired phagocytosis, and killing activity was observed in circulating human neutrophils treated in vitro with DEX. These results demonstrate that glucocorticoids reduce the ability of neutrophils to respond to infections by downregulating TLR2 via GILZ, thereby reducing critical functions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.