ReviewCells2021
Why Do Some Vertebrates Have Microchromosomes?
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A lizard is never late: Squamate genomics as a recent catalyst for understanding sex chromosome and microchromosome evolution.The Journal of heredity · 2023Pooled it
- Unravelling the thread of Podarcis omics; insights into the genome and transcriptome of the Cretan wall lizard.Genes & genomics · 2026Article
- The complete genome of a songbird.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Haplotype-resolved genome and pan-genome graphs reveal the impacts of structural variation on functional genome and feather colors in chickens.iMetaOmics · 2025Article
- Chromosome-length genome assembly ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Germline mutation rates and fine-scale recombination parameters in zebra finch.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Genomic insights into marine environment adaptation and conservation of the threatened olive ridley turtle (iScience · 2025Article
- Mutation and recombination parameters in zebra finch are similar to those in mammals.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The Observation of Meiotic Union Behavior of Gametophytes Provides a New Basis for Ploidy ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- A near-complete genome assembly of the bearded dragon Pogona vitticeps provides insights into the origin of Pogona sex chromosomes.GigaScience · 2025Article
- Recent secondary contact, genome-wide admixture, and asymmetric introgression of neo-sex chromosomes between two Pacific island bird species.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- Chromosome-Scale Genome Assembly of the Sheep-Biting LouseInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Cytogenetic Analysis of the Fish Genus Carassius Indicates Divergence, Fission, and Segmental Duplication as Drivers of Tandem Repeat and Microchromosome Evolution.Genome biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Patterns of recombination in snakes reveal a tug-of-war between PRDM9 and promoter-like features.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Review
- Deep Conservation and Unexpected Evolutionary History of Neighboring lncRNAs MALAT1 and NEAT1.Journal of molecular evolution · 2024Article
- Karyotype depends on sperm head morphology in some amniote groups.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Blacktail Brush Lizard, Urosaurus nigricaudus, Reveals Dosage Compensation in an Endemic Lizard.Genome biology and evolution · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
With more than 70,000 living species, vertebrates have a huge impact on the field of biology and research, including karyotype evolution. One prominent aspect of many vertebrate karyotypes is the enigmatic occurrence of tiny and often cytogenetically indistinguishable microchromosomes, which possess distinctive features compared to macrochromosomes. Why certain vertebrate species carry these microchromosomes in some lineages while others do not, and how they evolve remain open questions. New studies have shown that microchromosomes exhibit certain unique characteristics of genome structure and organization, such as high gene densities, low heterochromatin levels, and high rates of recombination. Our review focuses on recent concepts to expand current knowledge on the dynamic nature of karyotype evolution in vertebrates, raising important questions regarding the evolutionary origins and ramifications of microchromosomes. We introduce the basic karyotypic features to clarify the size, shape, and morphology of macro- and microchromosomes and report their distribution across different lineages. Finally, we characterize the mechanisms of different evolutionary forces underlying the origin and evolution of microchromosomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.