ArticleCells2021
Early-Released Interleukin-10 Significantly Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Elicited Neuroinflammation In Vitro.
Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects ofNutrients · 2022Trial
- Minute-Resolution Sampling Reveals Rapid and Stimulus-Specific IL-1β Dynamics During Acute Epileptiform Activity.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Gene Expression Profiles in the Optic Nerve of Mice with Systemic Acanthamoebiasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Machine learning-assisted design of immunomodulatory lipid nanoparticles for delivery of mRNA to repolarize hyperactivated microglia.Drug delivery · 2025Article
- The Concentration and Duration of Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation Produce Different Cytokine Responses in an Ex Vivo Whole Blood Model in Horses.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Effect of Nutraceutical Supplementation and Mediterranean Hypocaloric Diet on Calculated Steatosis Indices and Inflammation: Clinical and In Vitro Evidences.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- Induction of endogenous IL-10 promotes resolution and tolerance of nitric oxide in microglia.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Ocular toxicity, distribution, and shedding of intravitreal AAV-eqIL-10 in horses.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2024Article
- Intersecting Pathways: The Role of Metabolic Dysregulation, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, and Inflammation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Pathogenesis and Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Prenatal Immune Challenge Differentiates the Effect of Aripiprazole and Risperidone on CD200-CD200R and CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Dyads and Microglial Polarization: A Study in Organotypic Cortical Cultures.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Systemic Inflammation Leads to Changes in the Intracellular Localization of KLK6 in Oligodendrocytes in Spinal Cord White Matter.Neurochemical research · 2023Article
- The anti-inflammatory effects of minocycline on lipopolysaccharide-induced paw oedema in rats: a histopathological and molecular study.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Article
- Uncovering Novel Biomarkers of Inflammation as Potential Screening Targets of Disease Risk in Healthcare Shift Workers: A Pilot Study.International journal of nursing and health care research · 2023Article
- Local inflammatory response to gastroesophageal reflux: Association of gene expression of inflammatory cytokines with esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH data.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Article
- Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Model of Neuroinflammation: Mechanisms of Action, Research Application and Future Directions for Its Use.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 is pivotal for limiting excessive inflammation in the central nervous system. Reports show that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial IL-10 emerges in a delayed manner in vitro and in vivo, lagging behind proinflammatory cytokines to facilitate the resolution of neuroinflammation. We hypothesized that IL-10 releases quite quickly based on our pilot investigation. Here, we uncovered a bimodal expression of microglial IL-10 gene transcription induced by LPS in mouse primary mixed glial cultures. This pattern consisted of a short brief early-phase and a long-lived late-phase, enabling the production of IL-10 protein in a rapid manner. The removal and addition of IL-10 protein assays indicated that early-released IL-10 exerted potent modulatory effects on neuroinflammation at picomolar levels, and IL-10 released at the onset of neuroinflammation is tightly controlled. We further showed that the early-released, but not the late-released, IL-10 was crucial for mediating and potentiating the anti-inflammatory function of a β2-adrenergic receptor agonist salmeterol. This study in vitro highlights the essential role of early-released IL-10 in regulating the appropriate degree of neuroinflammation, overturning the previous notion that microglial IL-10 produces and functions in a delayed manner and providing new insights into anti-inflammatory mechanisms-mediated neuroimmune homeostasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.