ArticleActa odontologica latinoamericana : AOL2021
Prevalence and Distribution of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in children receiving dental care in Caracas Metropolitan Area, Venezuela.
Article in Acta odontologica latinoamericana : AOL, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM) and hypomineralized primary canines (HPC) with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Epidemiological trends in enamel hypomineralisation and molar-incisor hypomineralisation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Pooled it
- Is there a rise of prevalence for Molar Incisor Hypomineralization? A meta-analysis of published data.BMC oral health · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence and characteristics of hypomineralised second primary molars in Irish school children.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026Article
- Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM): do we need to alter terminology and definition? A scoping review.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026Review
- Socioeconomic factors and feeding in the first two years of life associated with molar incisor hypomineralisation.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence and clinical presentation of molar incisor hypomineralisation among a population of children in the community of Madrid.BMC oral health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Great variation has been reported in worldwide prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) and Hypomineralized Second Primary Molar (HSPM). South America has the highest regional prevalence. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of MIH HSPM in 6- to 12-year-old children who received care at two dental healthcare services (public and private) in Caracas Metropolitan Area, Venezuela. A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted on 145 children, of whom 121 were selected in the stratified random sample. A calibrated examiner (Kappa=0.878/0.831) evaluated all patients following the MIH diagnosis criteria established by the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry and using a valid and reliable instrument. Data were analyzed with a significance level of 5%. Of the 121 children, 46.28% (56) were male and 53.72% (65) female, average age 8.83 ± 1.61. The prevalence of MIH/HSPM was 25.6%/20%. Both enamel defects were more prevalent in females (p-value=0.026/0.005). Severe MIH/HSPM was present in 21.8%/31.2% of cases. Average number of affected teeth was 4.16 ± 2.19/1.68 ± 0.74; and the condition was more frequent in upper molars (67.7%/51.4%). It was concluded that prevalence of MIH in 6- to 12-year-old Venezuelan children who received care in Caracas Metropolitan Area was higher than the previously estimated prevalence for South America, with predominance of mild affectation and more frequently occurring in upper molars.
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Registered trials
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